Ushobora kuba uzi cyangwa warigeze uba umwe mu bantu bakatiwe iminsi 30 y’ifungwa ry’agateganyo mu gihe hagitegerejwe kuzaburana urubanza rw’inshinjabyaha mu mizi. Iminsi ishobora kurenga iyo, ugasanga yabaye imyaka ibiri, itatu bitewe n’urubanza uko ruteye n’urukiko ruri kuruburanisha n’ibindi.

Mu gihe ihame ari uko ukekwaho icyaha akurikiranwa adafunze, umubare w’abakurikiranwa bafunzwe ushobora gusanga ari munini. Hari n’abavuga ko iryo hame ahubwo ari ryo ryagize irengayobora, bikaba biri gutuma hari abantu benshi bakurikiranwa bafunzwe, amagororero akaba acucitse ndetse n’imanza z’ibirarane zikaba ari uruhuri.

Raporo y’ibikorwa by’Urwego rw’Ubutabera mu mwaka wa 2024-2025 igaragaza ko imanza ku ifunga n’ifungurwa zari 16.310 zirimo abaregwa 21.855. Muri bo 10.358 (63,5%) inkiko zemeje ko bakurikiranwa bafunzwe, na ho 6.490 baba ari bo zitegeka ko bafungurwa by’agateganyo, abasigaye bafatirwa ibindi byemezo birimo gusaba kongera igihe cyo gufungwa by’agateganyo, gutegeka ibigomba kubahirizwa, icyemezo cyafashwe ku ifunga rinyuranyije n’amategeko n’ibindi.

Byerekana ko ku rwego rw’ibirego ku ifungwa n’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo, abakomeza gufungwa ari bo benshi kurusha abafungurwa ngo bakurikiranywe badafunze. Ni yo mpamvu hari abantu batekereza ko irengayobora ryasumbye ihame.

Ingingo ya 66 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’Imanza Nshinjabyaha iteganya ko ukekwaho icyaha akurikiranwa adafunze. Iri ni ihame umuntu yavuga ko ryuzuza uburenganzira buteganyijwe mu Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda mu ngingo ya 29 ivuga ko buri wese afite uburenganzira ku butabera buboneye burimo no “gufatwa nk’umwere kugeza igihe urukiko rubifitiye ububasha rumuhamije icyaha”.

Nubwo hari iri hame ariko, ingingo ya 66 navuze haruguru, iteganya irengayobora (Exception) kuri iyi ngingo. Iyo ngingo inavuga ko ukekwaho icyaha ashobora ariko gukurikiranwa afunze iyo hari impamvu zikomeye zituma akekwaho icyaha amategeko ahanisha nibura igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri.

Ntabwo ari ibi gusa kubera ko iyi ngingo inavuga ko ukekwaho icyaha ashobora gufungwa by’agateganyo na none iyo umugenzacyaha cyangwa umushinjacyaha atinya ko yatoroka ubutabera, umwirondoro we utazwi cyangwa ushidikanywaho.

Iyo iyo imwe muri izo mpamvu igaragaye, kuba amufunze mu gihe agitegereje icyemezo cy’umucamanza ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gutuma ukurikiranywe adasibanganya ibimenyetso cyangwa se ngo yotse igitutu abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe icyaha cyangwa se ngo habeho ubwumvikane hagati y’abakurikiranywe n’ibyitso byabo cyangwa iyo iryo fungwa ari bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kurinda ukurikiranywe, bwo gutuma inzego z’ubutabera zimubonera igihe zimukeneye, bwo gutuma icyaha gihagarara cyangwa se kitongera gusubirwamo.

Kuba umuntu yakurikiranwa afunzwe mu gihe imwe muri izo mpamvu ihari, umushingamategeko yabihaye ishingiro kandi birasobanutse, ariko se niba nta ndishyi umuntu umaze igihe runaka afunzwe by’agateganyo azigera ahabwa nyuma y’igihe runaka ubwo bizagaragarira ko ari umwere ku cyaha akurikiranyweho, ubwo ntacyo bitubwira ku kureba niba hashyirwa imbaraga ku gukurikirana abantu badafunzwe by’agateganyo?

Impamvu mvuga ibi ni ukubera ko iri tegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’Imanza Nshinjabyaha ryongera rigateganya irindi rengayobora ku kuba umuntu noneho yakurikiranwa adafunzwe by’agateganyo kabone na ho imwe muri ziriya mpamvu zaba zihari. Ingingo ya 80 y’iri tegeko ivuga ko, ku rwego rwose rw’ikurikiranacyaha, iyo hari impamvu zikomeye zituma umuntu akekwaho icyaha, ukekwaho icyaha ashobora kudafungwa, agategekwa ibyo agomba kubahiriza.

Bimwe mu byo ashobora gutegekwa ni kuba mu karere k’aho uwamutegetse ibyo agomba kubahiriza akorera; kubuzwa kujya cyangwa kutarenga ahantu hagenwe atabiherewe uruhushya n’uwamutegetse ibyo agomba kubahiriza; kutajya aha n’aha cyangwa kutaba ahantu ku gihe iki n’iki; kwitaba urwego rwagenwe mu bihe byagenwe; kwitaba igihe abitegetswe; gutanga ingwate; kugenzurwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga; gushyikiriza ibyangombwa bye urwego rwagenwe n’ibindi.

Niba hari inkiko ababuranyi bagitegereza kugeza ku mezi 25 kugira ngo urubanza ruzaburanishwe, niba abafungiwe mu magororero yo mu Rwanda ari 136% by’ubushobozi bwayo, kubera iki hatakoreshwa ubundi buryo bwo gukurikirana abantu ho ibyaha bakekwaho ariko badafunzwe by’agateganyo?

Mu 2022 hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umuryango Transparency International Rwanda bugaragaza ko mu mategeko dufite, hari ubundi buryo bugera kuri 12 bushobora gukoreshwa mu cyimbo cyo gufunga yaba ari nk’igihano cyangwa mu gihe cy’ifungwa ry’agateganyo. Ikibazo gihari ubu ni ukumenya ngo: ko amategeko ateganya ubwo buryo bwose, kubera iki abantu bakomeza kubona bisa n’aho gufunga by’agateganyo ari ryo hame aho kuba irengayobora?

Politiki y’Ubutabera Mpanabyaha mu Rwanda yemejwe na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda muri Nzeri 2022 ari na yo tugenderaho ubu, iteganya ko hazashyirwa imbaraga mu gukoresha igifungo nk’amaburakindi (last resort).

Iyi politiki ivuga ko nubwo amagororero azakomeza kwifashishwa, kubera ko bizwi neza ko asenya ubuzima bw’abantu n’imiryango yabo, hazashyirwa ingufu mu gukoresha ubundi buryo. Ivuga ko inzego zose ziri mu butabera (Ubugenzacyaha, Ubushinjacyaha n’inkiko) zizashishikarizwa kubigiramo uruhare kugira ngo gufunga bikorwe gake gashoboka kubera ko ubushakashatsi ku Isi hose bwagaragaje ko gufungwa byonyine bidahagarika cyangwa ngo bigabanye ubushake n’imyumvire byo kongera gukora icyaha.

Kuri ibi, hiyongeraho izindi ngaruka zo gufungwa by’agateganyo zirimo kuba uwafunzwe igihe runaka nyuma akaba umwere ntaho azabariza indishyi, ingaruka ku bana n’umuryango mu gihe uwari ufunzwe ari we wari utunze umuryango, ndetse n’igihombo ku gihugu ku bitunga abafunzwe by’agateganyo.

Nubwo nta giciro twabona twaha ituze n’umudendezo muri rusange, ariko ku rundi ruhande, biragoye kwiyumvisha ko nk’umuntu ukekwaho kwiba ihene y’ibihumbi 50 Frw, Leta izamutangaho amamiliyoni runaka yo kumutunga mu gihe hategerejwe ko azaburana ku cyaha akekwaho.

Uko bigaragara, ibikenewe byose yaba mu mategeko ndetse n’ubushake bwa politiki birahari, igisigaye ni ishyirwa mu bikorwa no guhindura imyumvire kw’Abanyarwanda, twese tukiyumvisha ko gufunga by’agateganyo atari bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukurikirana ukekwaho icyaha. Kabone n'aho byaba ari ku rwego rwo gutanga igihano, ntabwo igihano cy’igifungo ari cyo gihano cyonyine amategeko y’u Rwanda ateganya, hari ibindi bihano byinshi kandi biboneye.

Harakabaho ubutabera.