Ni urukuta rumanuka imisozi, rukazamuka indi mu mashyamba n’ibihuru biri mu Majyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba bw’u Bushinwa. Rwubatswe mu myaka ya kera ubwo Abami b’u Bushinwa bashakaga kwikingira abanzi babo ngo hatazagira ubatera yinjiriye aho.

Uburebure barwo ni ibilometero birenga ibihumbi 20, rukagira ubugari bwa metero ziri hagati ya 4-5 mu gihe uburebure uva hasi kugera hejuru ari metero ziri hagati ya 7-8.

Great Wall yashyizwe mu bintu bitangaje birindwi ikiremwamuntu cyabashije kubaka ku Isi [Seven Wonders of the World], guhera mu 1987 rukaba ruri mu Murage w’Isi.

Nibura abantu basaga miliyoni icumi bazamuka kuri urwo rukuta buri mwaka, rukaba kimwe mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi mu Bushinwa.

Kuzamuka birakunaniza, ariko ibyo ubona bikagusigira igitekerezo gituma werekeza amaso i Beijing, ahari ingoro y’abami b’u Bushinwa, ukibaza uburyo ubwami bwari bufite ubushobozi bwo kubaka iki kintu kingana uku bikakuyobera.

Ibisubizo by’ibibazo byose wibaza ubisanga muri ‘Forbidden City’, umurwa wagendwaga n’umwami n’abibwami, ariko bibujijwe kuri rubanda rwa giseseka.

Iyo ushaka kumenye iby’uyu mujyi, uhera kuri uru rukuta mu kwirinda ko inkuru uyitangiriramo hagati. Bakagusobanurira uburyo rwafashaga mu kurindira kure umwanzi no kwirinda ko yakandagiza ibirenge muri uyu mujyi wari ingoro y’abami b’u Bushinwa.

Urugendo ruhuza ibice bibiri bigaragaza ubuhangange bw’ubwami bw’u Bushinwa birimo kurinda igihugu cyabwo no kugena imibereho y’abaturage nta we uturutse hirya ngo yivange.

Rwubatswe uko ingoma zasimburanwaga zirimo iya Ming yayoboye kuva mu 1368 kugeza mu 1644 rugafasha mu kwirinda abavogera ubwami. Iyo umaze gusura uru rukuta ni ihame ko ukomereza muri wa murwa wari warabuzanyijwe ariko ubu usurwa n’abarenga miliyoni 17 buri mwaka.

Forbidden City iri hagati mu Mujyi wa Beijing, mu Majyaruguru y’Imbuga ya Tiananmen (Tiananmen Square), igice Mao Zedong ufatwa nk’umubyeyi w’u Bushinwa, yatangarijeho Repubulika ya Rubanda y’u Bushinwa.

Iki gice kigizwe n’ingoro y’umwami n’abagore be, kigizwe n’inyubako zigera kuri 980 n’ibyumba birenga 8.700, ku buso bwa metero kare 720.000, ni ukuvuga hegitari 72. Ni hafi ibibuga 100 by’umupira w’amaguru.

Kuyitambagiramo ni nko gusoma amateka y’ubwami bw’igihugu cyahoze ari igihangange binyuze mu miterere y’inyubako zabwo dore ko buri kintu gihari gifite amateka yihariye.

Inkuta zitukura zikikije inyubako zifite ibisenge by’umuhondo; unyuze mu irembo ukagera mu mbuga, ugakomeza ugasanga izindi ngoro imbere. Iki gice gipima metero zigera kuri 961 kuva mu Majyaruguru ujya mu Majyepfo, na 753 kuva mu Burasirazuba ujya mu Burengerazuba.

Forbidden City ifite urukuta rufite ubuhagarike bwa metero zigera ku 10 n’umugende w’amazi urukikije ufite ubugari bwa metero 52. Ni umugezi watandukanyaga ubuzima bw’ibwami n’ubwabaturage basanzwe. Ni igice gifite amarembo ane.

Kubaka izi ngoro byatangiye mu 1406 ku ngoma y’Umwami w’Abami, Zhu Di, uzwi nka Yongle, birangira mu 1420. Mu bihe by’ingoma za Ming na Qing, zatuyemo abami 24: 14 bo mu ngoma ya Ming na 10 bo mu ya Qing.

Kubaka ahantu hangana hatya byasabye gukoresha ibiti bifashe inyubako, amatafari, amabuye, amategura agizwe n’imitako ikozwe n’abanyabukorikori b’abahanga n’ibindi biryoshya aha hantu. Nubwo hubatswe mu myaka 600 ishize, iyo uhageze n’ubu ubona ari inyubako zigezweho ndetse n’urukuta ruhakikije rugaragaza ubumenyi bwihariye. Impamvu ni uko rwubakishijwe, amatafari afatanyijwe n’uruvange rurimo ishwagara n’umushongi w’umuceri.

Mu gice cyo mu Majyepfo, cyakoreshwaga mu mihango n’imirimo y’ubutegetsi, hari ingoro eshatu z’ingenzi: Supreme Harmony, Central Harmony na Preserving Harmony.

Supreme Harmony ni yo nini kurusha izindi, ifite ubuso bwa metero kare zigera kuri 2.377. Ku mfuruka z’igisenge cyayo hari ibishushanyo by’inyamaswa bigaragaza ubukomere bw’ingoro runaka. Ifite inyamaswa 10 ni yo ikomeye cyane. Inyamaswa ya ‘dragon’ iba iri imbere ikagaragaza umwami uyoboye igihugu.

Joyce Chen umaze imyaka 22 atuye i Beijing n’imyaka 16 akora umwuga wo kuyobora ba mukerarugendo, ati “Inyamaswa zigaragaza urwego rw’icyubahiro. Iyo ‘dragon’ ihagarariye umwami, igaragaza ububasha bw’ikirenga.”

Central Harmony yifashishwaga mu kwitegura imihango y’ibwami, na ho Preserving Harmony ikaberamo ibirori by’ubwami.

Ukomereje mu majyaruguru, ugera mu gice cy’imbere cyari kigenewe imibereho y’umuryango w’umwami. Ingoro esheshatu zo mu Burasirazuba n’esheshatu zo mu Burengerazuba zabagamo abagore b’umwami, mu gihe aho abami babaga ho hagendaga hahinduka.

Ingoro eshatu z’ingenzi zikikijwe, hari imiyoboro 1.142 ikozwe mu mabuye, isohora amazi y’imvura. Imiyoboro ya kera ireshya n’ibilometero bigera kuri 15, birimo 13 biri munsi y’ubutaka, na yo yafashaga kurinda izi ngoro.

Urukuta rutatseho ibishushanyo bya ‘dragon’ icyenda, ruzwi nka Nine-Dragon Screen, ni ikindi gikorwa gitangaje: rufite metero 29,4 z’uburebure na 3,5 z’ubuhagarike, rukaba rugizwe n’amategura 270 asize amabara.

Mu Majyaruguru hari ubusitani bw’ibwami bufite metero kare 12.000, inyubako zigera kuri 20 n’ibiti bya kera birenga 160. Inzira zabwo z’amabuye mato zikoze amashusho n’imitako birenga 900.

Mu Bushinwa, izi ngoro ni ububiko bw’amateka y’ubukorikori, imibereho y’ibwami n’imiyoborere. UNESCO yazishyize ku rutonde rw’Umurage w’Isi mu 1987, umwaka Great Wall of China na yo yashyizwe kuri urwo rutonde.

Iyi Nzu Ndangamurage y’Ingoro yafunguwe ku wa 10 Ukwakira 1925, ahahoze hagenewe abami hahinduka ahantu hafunguriwe abantu bose, uyu munsi bivugwamo ko ‘Forbiden City’ ibitse ibikoresho 1.863.404.

Kubungabunga uwo murage byasabye imbaraga zidasanzwe. Mu 1933, kubera ibyago by’intambara, abakozi bapakiye bimwe mu bintu by’agaciro mu masanduku 13.427 n’imizigo 64, babyohereza i Shanghai.

Mu 2024 hasuwe inshuro zirenga miliyoni 17,6, ukoze imibare ubona ko aka gace gasurwa inshuro hafi 48.000 ku munsi. Mu Ukwakira 2025, iyi nzu ndangamurage yujuje imyaka 100 ifunguye.