Ni imyaka yaranzwe n’umuvuduko udasanzwe mu nzego zitandukanye, watumye ubuzima bwongera gushoboka, abanyarwanda bongera kureba imbere bafite icyizere cy’ahazaza.

Ubu u Rwanda rurakataje, ndetse imbere hahishe byinshi kuri iki gihugu, cyane ko nibura 27.1%, bingana na miliyoni 3.6 z’abaturage, kigizwe n’urubyiruko.

1. Ubukungu bwikubye inshuro nyinshi

Jenoside yatwaye ubuzima bw’abantu, ibintu biratikira, ku buryo kongera gusana igihugu byasabaga ubwitange n’umutima ukomeye.

Ibintu byinshi byari byarasenywe, byarasahuwe, ku buryo igihugu cyari ku mavi, abantu bakabaye bashora imari barishwe, abandi barahunze.

Byasabye ko RPF yifashisha amwe mu mafaranga yasagutse mu misanzu y'urugamba rwo Kwibohora, kugira ngo ibintu by'ingenzi byongere kuboneka mu gihugu, nk'uko Perezida Paul Kagame yabivuze mu 2017.

Ati "Twasabye abanyarwanda bamwe bari bazi aka karere neza tubaha kuri ya mafaranga, turababwira tuti mujye mu Burundi, Uganda abandi Tanzania, Kenya mugure ibi bintu: Umunyu, amasabune, Peteroli n’ibindi nk’ibyo by’ibanze."

"Ibintu dukoresha mu buzima bwa buri munsi, ntabyo washoboraga kubona. Ni uko twatangiye ubuzima, umuntu ashobora kubona Peteroli yo gucana agatadowa n’isabune […] ayo ni amafaranga yavuye muri ya misanzu y’abaterankunga ba RPF."

Kwiyubaka byarashobotse. Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwaje kwisubiza, butangira kuzamuka cyane ku buryo umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu wavuye kuri miliyoni $752 mu 1994 ugera kuri miliyari $10.6 mu 2022.

Mu mwaka wa 2022, Umusaruro mbumbe w’u Rwanda ubariye ku biciro byo ku masoko wari miliyari 13,716 Frw, zivuye kuri miliyari 10,930 Frw mu 2021.

Icyo gihe umusaruro mbumbe w’umuturage ku mwaka wageze ku $1004, avuye ku $853 mu mwaka wa 2021, mu gihe mu 1995 wari $185.6, mu 2000 uba $227.7.

Ubushakashatsi ku mibereho y’ingo mu Rwanda bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2000, bugaragaza ko icyo gihe ikigero cy’ubukene cyari kuri 60.4% kivuye kuri 77.8% mu mwaka wa 1994.

Mu 2017 ubukene bwari bugeze kuri 38.2%, mu gihe ubukene bukabije bwari 16%.

2. Icyizere cy’ubuzima

Urebeye ku mabarura rusange yabaye mu myaka ishize, icyizere cyo kubaho cyariyongereye cyane hagati ya 1978 na 1991, kiva ku myaka 46 kigera kuri 54. Iki cyizere cyo kubaho cyaje kumanuka cyane hagati ya 1991 na 2002 kigera ku myaka 51, nyuma yo kwibohora cyongera kuzamuka, mu 2012 kigera ku myaka 64.

Ibarura rusange rya gatanu ryabaye mu mwaka ushize ryerekanye ko iki cyizere cyo kubaho kigeze ku myaka 69.6 mu 2022. Urebeye ku gitsina, iyi myaka igeze kuri 67.7 ku bagabo, mu gihe ku bagore ari 71.2.

Imanuka ry’icyizere cyo kubaho hagati ya 1991 na 2002 bisobanurwa n’umwaka wa 1994 wabayemo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, n’ingaruka zayo, kuko yahitanye abasaga miliyoni imwe. Hakiyongeraho n’ingaruka zishamikoyeho nk’;ubukene bukabije mu baturage, ihungabana ry’imibereho y’abaturage, ubuvuzi n’ibindi.

Izo nzego zazahutse cyane mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2002 na 2012, bijyanye n’uko ubuzima bwari butangiye kuzahuka.

3. Amashanyarazi:

Kugera mu 2000, muri Kigali nk’umurwa mukuru, 38.7% by’abari bayituye bakoreshaga peteroli mu gucana kuko nta mashanyarazi bari bafite. Mu gihugu hose, 59.2% by’abaturage bakoreshaga itara ry’ikirahure ryajyagamo peteroli mu gucana mu masaha y’ijoro, 20,1% bakamurikisha ibishirira, 13,0% nabo bagakoresha itara rya mazutu mu gihe 5,1% aribo bacanaga amashanyarazi ya Electrogaz.

Imibare iheruka y’ibarura ryabaye muri Kanama 2022, igaragaza ko mu ngo 3,312,743 zibarurwa mu Rwanda, ingo 61% zifite amashanyarazi, aho izo mu mujyi ziyafite kuri 84.6% naho mu cyaro ni 51.3%. Muri Kigali ho ingo zifite amashanyarazi ni 90%.

Intego ni uko mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2024, ingo zose 100% zizaba zifite amashanyarazi.

4. Isuku n’isukura

Hambere aha hari aho kwambara inkweto byafatwaga nk’ubusirimu, ariko ubu ahubwo umuntu utazambaye sinzi ko wapfa kumubona.

Ubwo kuzambara byagirwaga itegeko, hari n’abajyaga kwaka serivisi za leta inkweto bazitwaye mu ntoki bakazambara benda kugera kwa Gitifu, ariko ubu n’ugiye mu murima we aba yafunze imishumi y’inkweto, ibizwi nka "lacer".

Ibyo bihuzwa n’uko mu bijyanye n’amazi meza, nibura urugo rumwe muri eshanu, bingana na 82% mu Rwanda, rufite amazi meza yo kunywa, ku buryo no gukaraba ubu bishoboka. Nibura mu mujyi aya mazi aboneka ku ngo 96%, mu byaro zikaba ingo 77%.

Kugeza ubu abantu bakoresha amazi adasukuye ava mu mariba adatunganyijwe ni 11%, naho ava mu migezi ni 6%.

5. Ibikorwa remezo

Nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside, ku ikubitiro, Ingabo za RPA zatangiye zisana ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’ibiraro byasenyutse mu gihe cy’intambara.

Igisirikare cyagize ubushobozi buhambaye mu bijyanye n’ubwubatsi ku buryo byagifashije gukora imishinga yagutse kandi ahantu hatandukanye.

Kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 2019, u Rwanda rwari rumaze kubaka ibilometero ibihumbi 38 by'imihanda; muri yo ibilometero bisaga ibihumbi bibiri ni kaburimbo.

Naho nko kuva mu 2021, ibilometero by’imihanda ya kaburimbo byubatswe byavuye ku 1532 km bigera ku 1645 km, ubariyemo nk’imihanda yubatswe ya Base – Rukomo ( 51 km), Gisiza – Rubavu (20 km), Huye – Gisagara (13.6 km), hakaza n’indi mihanda icyubakwa nka Huye – Kibeho (66 km), Nyagatare – Rukomo (73 km, Bugesera – Nyanza (66.5 km) n’iyindi.

Uretse imihanda yubatswe, ntiwabura kuvuga nk’ibindi bikorwa remezo byubatswe birimo nka Kigali Convention Centre imaze kuba ubukombe mu kwakira inama ku rwego rwa Afurika, Kigali Arena ndetse na Stade Amahoro ikomeje kuvugururwa.

Izi nyubako zatumye u Rwanda ruhindura isura rwafatwagamo nk’igihugu gikennye cyabayemo Jenoside gusa, ahubwo ubu kigaragara nk’igihugu kirimo gutera imbere mu nzego zose, cyakira inama mpuzamahanga, gifite ibikorwa remezo bikenewe ndetse kikaba kibereye ishoramari.

Ibyo byanagendanye no gukorana n’amakipe akomeye nka Arsenal FC na Paris Saint Germain yo mu Bufaransa, mu kwamamaza iki gihugu nk’icyerekezo cy’ubukerarugendo n’ishoramari.

Mu bintu bikomeye byakozwe n’ubu bigikomeje, ni ukunoza imiturire, ku buryo buri butaka buba bufite icyo bwagenewe, niba ari ubuhinzi cyangwa ibindi bikorwa nk’inganda, byakunze kwibasira ubutaka ubundi bwagenewe guhinga.

Uko gusobanuka kwari ngo kuko abaturage bakomeje kwiyongera, ku buryo ubucucike bwabo bwavuye ku bantu 183 bari batuye kuir kilometero kare mu 1978, bikuba gatatu mu myaka 44 bagera kuri 272 mu 1991, 321 mu 2002, 415 mu 2012 na 503 muri Kanama 2022.

Ibyo bikerekana ko igenamigambi ry’imituriro ari ngombwa cyane, kuko uko abaturage biyongera, bakenera aho gutura ari nako ibibatunga byiyongera, mu gihe ubutaka bwo budakura, ahubwo iyo udacunze neza n’ubuhari buragunguka.

6. Abanyarwanda barize barasobanuka

Burya koko kutiga biragatsindwa! Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwashimangiye isano ya hafi iri hagati yo kutiga ndetse n’ubukene.

Mu kwibohora, imibare y’abantu batize yakomeje kumanuka, ku buryo yavuye kuri 31.9% babarwaga nk’abaturarwanda batakandagiye mu ishuri mu 2002, bagera kuri 18.7% mu 2012.

Ubu bibarwa ko nibura 22% by’abaturage batigeze bakandagira mu ishuri. Ni mu gihe hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’abaturage bangana na 54% bize amashuri abanza; 15% biga amashuri yisumbuye naho 3% nibo bize kaminuza.

Ubushakashatsi buheruka bwerekanye ko nibura 77% by’abaturarwanda bize rumwe mu ndimi enye z’ubutegetsi zemewe mu gihugu, Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza, Igifaransa n’Igiswahili.

Kwiga ni itegeko ku bana bafite imyaka hagati ya 6 na 17, ariko ubwo ubushakashatsi bwakorwaga, abana 81% nibo bari mu ishuri, 13 ntibari mu ishuri mu gihe 6% batigeze barikandagiramo.

7. Nta munyarwanda ukirembera mu rugo

Mu buryo bwihariye ku Rwanda, kuva hashyirwaho ubwisungane mu kwivuza, ubuzima bwa benshi bwarahindutse.

Wongeyeho y'umubare munini w’amavuriro yubatswe guhera ku rwego rw’Ibitaro by’uturere, abanyarwanda begerejwe aho kwivuriza ku buryo ntawe ukirembera mu rugo, kuko yivuriza make, kandi agahabwa imiti ku ndwara zari zarazengereje Abanyarwanda.

Nibura abanyarwanda 97% bafite ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza, aho igice kinini kingana na 93% gikoresha "Mutuelle de santé".

Bijyanye na gahunda yo kugeza ku baturage amavuriro y'ibanze agezweho yo ku rwego rw'Akagari, bizafasha kurushaho kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abanyarwanda.

8. Kuboneza urubyaro bituma biteza imbere

Imibare iheruka yerekana ko magingo aya, umugore umwe mu Rwanda abarirwa abana 3.6 mu buzima bwe, imibare yamanutse cyane kuko hagabanutseho abana batanu, bakava ku bana 8.6 umugore yabarirwaga mu 1978 bakagera kuri 3.6.

Intara y’Iburasirazuba niyo isigaranye gahunda yo kubyara abana benshikuko umugore abarirwa abana 4, mu mujyi wa Kigali bakaba 3.

Urebye ku turere, akarere kabyara abana bake ni Kicukiro kuko umugore abarirwa abana 2.8, mu gihe akabyara abana benshi ari Rusizi kuko umugore abarirwa abana 4.5.

Ibi bifitanye isano no kuba abagore barahawe rugari bakiga ndetse bakaminuza, kuko ya mibare yerekana ko abagore babashije kwiga amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa kurenzaho bafite umubare uri hasi w’abana babyaye (abana 3.4 ku mugore), mu gihe abagore bize amashuri abanza gusa cyangwa arengaho gake babyaye abana benshi (abana 3.9 ku mugore.)

Binagaragara ko imiryango yabyaye abana bake iba yifashije kurusha iyabyaye benshi, ibyo nabyo bikanahura na cya cyizere cy’ubuzima kizamuka.

9. Imibare y’abantu bapfa yaragabanyutse

Kubera imibereho y’abanyarwanda igenda ijya ku murongo, imibare y’abantu bapfa yaramanutse cyane hagati ya 1978 na 2022. Iyo mibare izwi nka Crude death rates (CDRs) ibarwa ufashe umubare w’abantu bapfuye ku mubare w’abaturage bariho.

Imibare yerekana ko hagati ya 1978 na 2022 habayeho igabanyuka ry’abaturage bapfa, bakava kuri 17.1 bakagera kuri 6.3 ku baturage 1000, bingana n’imanuka rya 63.0% mu gihe cy’imyaka 44.

Iyo mibare ariko yaje kuzamuka cyane hagati ya 1991-2002 igera kuri 15 mu bushakashatsi bwa 2002, yongera kumanuka hagati ya 2002-2012 na 2012- 2022.

Ibi kandi binajyana n’igabanuka ry’impfu zibasira abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu, aho iyo ziri hejuru zifatwa nk’intabaza ko imibereyo rusange iri mu kaga.

Imibare yerekanye ko habayemo igabanyuka rifatika hagati y’amabarura yo mu 1978 na 2022, uretse mu ibarura ryo mu 2002.

Zavuye ku mpfu z’abana 144 ku 100,000 mu 1978, bagera ku bana 28.9 mu 2022. Imibare yi mu 2002 ariko yo yari hejuru.

10. Sosiyete idaheza

Nubwo u Rwanda muri iki gihe rugizwe n’igice kinini cy’urubyiruko, ikindi gice kigizwe n’abageze mu za bukuru barimo abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’abandi, bakomeje kwitabwaho bagenerwa ubufasha butuma bakomeza gutwaza, kimwe n’ibindi byiciro by’abanyantege nke.

Abakuze babarwa nk’abantu bafite imyaka 60 kuzamura. Mu Rwanda habarurwa abagera ku 862,929, bangana 6.5% bya miliyoni 13.2 z’abaturarwanda.

Muri abo bakuze, harimo 65% babana n’abo bashakanye na 30.6% b’abapfakazi.
Byongeye, 12.6% by’aba bakuze bafite ubumuga, mu gihe ubumuga mu gihugu muri rusange buri kuri 3%.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, aba bantu bitabwaho kuko hafi ya bose, ni ukuvuga 98%, bafite ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza, benshi muri bo bagakoresha mutuelle de sante (96%). Ni kimwe n’abantu bafite ubumuga, nabo 97% bafite ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza.

Muri Gicurusi 2021, nibwo leta y'u Rwanda yashizeho politiki y'abageze mu zabukuru ifite intego zirimo no gukora ubukangurambaga mu bakiri bato kugira ngo bakure batekereza ku mibereho yabo y'izabukuru.

Mu rwego rwo kwita ku barokotse Jenoside bageze mu zabukuru, Umuryango Unity Club Intwararumuri n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye bashyize imbaraga mu kubaka ingo zagenewe izi Ntwaza.

Kugeza ubu mu gihugu hose hari ingo z’Impinganzima enye zirimo urwa Rusizi, Huye, Nyanza na Bugesera.