Aho baba bagiye ni muri Tiananmen Square, igice gihuza amateka ya kera y’u Bushinwa n’iterambere ry’ubu. Ni ahantu hubashywe cyane hasurwa inshuro zirenga miliyoni 50 ku mwaka.

Ni ho habarizwa ingoro ya Mao Zedong irimo n’umubiri we. Ugaragazwa imbere muri iyo nyubako, byose bigakurura abashyitsi bajya kumuha icyuhahiro.

Mao Zedong yari impirimbanyi y’impinduramatwara n’umuyobozi w’Ishyaka rya Communist Party of China, wabaye umuyobozi washinze Repubulika y’Abaturage y’u Bushinwa nyuma y’intambara yaharaniraga ubwigenge.

Ukihagera ubunini bwaho ni bwo bugutungura kuko bisaba camera za rutura ngo zibe zahaheza mu ifoto imwe. Nawe tekereza imbuga imwe ishobora kwakira abantu miliyoni.

Abashyitsi baturutse mu bice bitandukanye by’u Bushinwa n’abandi baturutse mu bindi bihugu baba babukereye, bagiye kwihera ijisho iki gice Mao Zedong yatangarijeho Repubulika y’Abaturage y’u Bushinwa.

Tiananmen Square ni hamwe mu hantu h’ingenzi kandi harinzwe cyane mu Bushinwa, habera ibikorwa by’igihugu, hakibutsa amateka, abanyamahanga bakaryoherwa kurushaho.

Buri wese uhageze adafashe ifoto y’urwibutso ntiryarema. Uhasanga abasaza, abakecuru, amajigisha n’ibibondo banyuzwe no kuba bicaye hasi muri iyi mbuga.

Kugira ngo ubyumve neza uhafate nko kuri Tour Eiffel i Paris, Statue of Liberty i New York cyangwa Red Square i Moscow.

Tiananmen Square iherereye mu Mujyi rwagati wa Beijing, irembo ryayo (Tiananmen Gate), rizwi nk’irembo ry’amahoro, riri mu majyaruguru, inyuma yaryo hakaba Forbidden City, igice cyabarizwagamo ingoro y’umwami w’abami w’u Bushinwa. Yari amarembo umwami yinjiriragamo agiye mu ngoro ye.

Ikikijwe n’inzu zirimo Ingoro Ndangamurage y’u Bushinwa iri ku ruhande rw’iburasirazuba, mu gihe Inteko Ishinga Amategeko (Great Hall of the People) iri mu burengerazuba. Imiterere y’izi nyubako n’ahantu ziherereye bitanga ishusho ikomeye y’amateka y’u Bushinwa.

Amajyaruguru ahuza iki gice n’ingoma z’abami, iburasirazuba hagashimangira amateka y’iki gihugu, uburengerazuba bukagaragaza ubutegetsi bw’ubu, mu gihe mu gice cyo hagati no mu majyepfo habumbatiye amateka y’impinduramatwara yagejeje u Bushinwa ku buhangange.

Tiananmen Square ifite uburebure bwa metero 880 kuva mu majyaruguru kugera mu majyepfo na metero 500 kuva iburasirazuba kugera iburengerazuba. Ifite ubuso bwa metero kare 440.000.

Mu gihe cy’inama yahuje abantu benshi, yakira abantu bagera kuri miliyoni imwe. Kwagurwa kwayo mu myaka ya 1950 kwari kugamijwe gutuma abantu nk’ibihumbi 500 bitabira iminsi mikuru y’igihugu n’ibikorwa bya politiki.

Umubare w’abasura aka gace na wo uratangaje. Raporo ya 2024 ya Komite ishinzwe imicungire y’agace ka Tiananmen yagaragaje ko hasuwe inshuro zirenga miliyoni 57 muri uwo mwaka.

Ikindi gitangaje ni uko atari igice cyishyuzwa. Abashaka kuhasura bagomba kubanza kwiyandikisha mbere yo kwinjira, hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo Beijing ubundi bakagenda nta mafaranga batanze.

Amateka y’ahantu yatangiye kera cyane mbere y’uko Repubulika y’Abaturage y’u Bushinwa ishingwa.

Irembo rya Tiananmen ryubatswe bwa mbere mu 1417 hubakwa bundi bushya mu 1651, hahabwa izina rya Tiananmen, risobanura "Irembo ry’Amahoro yo mu Ijuru".

Mu binyejana byakurikiyeho, rigafatwa nk’irembo rikomeye ryinjiraga muri Forbidden City, aho abami b’u Bushinwa babaga bakanategekera.

Muri icyo gihe, ahantu ntihari hafunguriwe buri wese nk’uko bimeze ubu. Hari inzira ijya mu ngoro y’abami ikikijwe n’izindi nyubako.

Izi mpinduka zahinduye Tiananmen, iva ku kuba inzira ijya mu ngoro y’abami, iba hamwe mu hantu hafunguriwe buri wese ariko habumbatiye amateka y’u Bushinwa.

Iyo urebye mu majyaruguru ubona ko Irembo rya Tiananmen ari ahantu nyaburanga h’ingenzi. Rifite inzugi eshanu n’ibiraro birindwi, bigaragaza amateka y’ingoma z’abami. Mu gihe cy’abami, urugi rwo hagati n’ikiraro cyo hagati byari bigenewe umwami w’abami gusa.

Imbere y’irembo hari intare z’amabuye ya ‘marble’ n’inkingi z’amabuye zishushanyijeho ‘dragons’ n’ibicu. Ibi bihuza Beijing ya none n’imigenzo y’u Bushinwa mu gihe cy’abami.

Irembo ryabaye ishingiro ry’amateka y’u Bushinwa bwa none ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1949, icyo gihe Mao Zedong yatangaje ko Repubulika y’Abaturage y’u Bushinwa ishinzwe, hari ku rubaraza rwaryo, abibwira imbaga y’abaturage yari iri aho.

Inkingi y’ibendera ry’igihugu iri ku mpera y’amajyaruguru na yo isobanuye byinshi. Ibendera ry’u Bushinwa rizamurwa buri uko izuba rirashe, rikururutswa uko rirenze, bigatuma abantu benshi baza kare kureba uwo muhango utegurwa dore ko uba ubereye ijisho.

Imbuga yaho kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’u Bushinwa. Mu burengerazuba, Inzu yakira inama z’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Abaturage y’Igihugu, urwego rukuru rushinzwe gushyiraho amategeko mu Bushinwa.

Ikoreshwa kandi mu bikorwa bikomeye bya politiki, n’Inteko Rusange ya Communist Party of China, ishyaka riri ku butegetsi mu Bushinwa. Iyo nyubako irimo icyumba kinini gifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu 10.000

Ku ruhande rw’iburasirazuba, Inzu Ndangamurage y’u Bushinwa umuco n’amateka by’igihugu. Ifite inyubako ifite ubuso bwa metero kare hafi 200.000, ibikoresho ndangamateka birenga miliyoni 1.4 n’ibyumba 48 biberamo imurikabikorwa.

Muri Tiananmen Square hagati hari urwibutso rw’Intwari z’u Buhsinwa (People’s Heroes). Ni umunara ufite metero 37.94 z’uburebure, wubatswe hagati ya 1952 na 1958.

Ku gice cyawo cyo hasi hari ibishushanyo umunani binini n’ibindi bibiri bito, bigaragaza ibikorwa by’ingenzi by’amateka yaranze impinduramatwara y’u Bushinwa.

Mu majyepfo y’uyu munara hari inzu y’urwibutso rwa Mao Zedong Abashinwa bahaye izina rya ‘Chairman’. Yubatswe nyuma y’urupfu rwa Mao Zedong mu 1976, irangira mu 1977. Iyo uri muri iyi mbuga ubona ifoto y’uyu mugabo iri kuri iyi nzu.

Mu 2024, Tiananmen Square n’inyubako nyinshi z’amateka ziyikikije byashyizwe mu Murage w’Isi.