Abanyarwanda uko umwaka utashye basoza ayo masomo mu byiciro bitandukanye bya kaminuza haba icya mbere, icya kabiri, icya gatatu ndetse hari n’abaminuza bahabwa impamyabushobozi z’ikirenga.

Kugeza uyu munsi Ikigo cy’Abenjeniyeri mu Rwanda (Institution of Engineers Rwanda: IER) kibarura abagera ku 2948 bari mu bigo 259 ayo masomo.

Ni urwego rubumbatiye iterambere ry’igihugu kuko biragoye kubona igihugu giteye imbere, kidafite imiturirwa, imihanda yubatswe mu buryo bugezweho, ibikorwaremezo by’ikoranabuhanga bihamye n’ibindi.

Abenjeniyeri b’Abanyarwanda ntibazwi ku rwego mpuzamahanganga

Nubwo u Rwanda rukomeje gutanga uburezi bufite ireme mu masomo yose, abanyeshuri basohoka muri 'Engineering' ntibazwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ku buryo iyo bajya gusaba akazi mu bindi bihugu bafatwa nk’abatekinisiye basanzwe aho kuba abenjeniyeri bakuriye imishinga minini.

Urumva ko n’amafaranga bahembwa aba atandukanye, umutekinisiye ahembwa ari munsi ya enjeniyeri.

Si uko u Rwanda ruri hasi mu burezi, kuko iki kibazo kiri no ku bize muri za kaminuza zo hanze, ahubwo politiki irebwa n’uru rwego ni yo ikomeje gutambamira abarangiza ayo masomo.

Mu busanzwe kugira ngo umwuga wa Engineering ukorwe neza ni uko habaho gahunda yo kwemeza porogaramu mu mashuri, abenjeniyeri ubwabo, ingaga zibahuza n’abandi bari mu mwuga bagomba gukurikiza, izwi nka ‘Accreditation Policy and Procedure Manual: APPM’.

Ni uburyo bufasha mu gutanga urutonde rw’ibigenderwaho kugira ngo izo porogaramu zose zibe zahabwa uburenganzira bwo gutangwa.

Iyo gahunda kandi ifasha abenjeniyeri mu gihugu runaka, kuko harebwa niba ibyo bize biri mu murongo wayo, kugira ngo babe bahabwa ibyemezo bibagaragaza nk’abize uyu mwuga, bikurikije amategeko, bikaba byabafasha kubona imirimo mu gihugu no hanze yacyo.

APPM igaragaza mu buryo butomoye politiki zose ndetse n’inzira binyuramo kugira ngo urwego rutange uburenganzira, igafasha n’abafite porogaramu bashaka gutanga ku banyeshuri mu kuzemeza.

Ifasha mu kureba ibisabwa ngo porogaramu runaka yemezwe, harebwa niba igendanye n’umwuga, amasomo azayitangwamo, inzira binyuramo n’igihe bifata ngo ibyo bikorwa bitangire mu gihugu.

Ku bw’amahirwe make mu Rwanda nta APPM ihari.

Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, Umuyobozi w’Ihuriro ry’Imiryango ihuriza hamwe abenjeniyeri bo muri Afurika (Federation of African Engineering Organizations: FAEO) wanahoze ayobora IER Kazawadi Papias, yagaragaje ingaruka Abanyarwanda bari guhura na zo ku bwo kutagira APPM.

Yavuze ko kuba u Rwanda rudafite APPM bituma hatangwa amasomo ajyanye na Engineering atazwi n’imirimo ishingiye kuri uru rwego igakorwa mu buryo budashingiye ku mahame mpuzamahanga agena uko ikorwa.

Ati “Ibi bisobanuye ko Abanyarwanda biga Engineering mu Rwanda biga porogaramu zitazwi cyangwa zitemewe n’inzego zizwi.”

Ikindi ni uko amasezerano ya Washington (The Washington Accord) atubahirizwa kandi ari yo agaragaza ko umuntu yize bya kinyamwuga, akanamuhesha kuba yakora mu bindi bihugu nka enjenyeri.

Ni amasezerano areba abenjeniyeri, agatanga amahame umuntu wiga aya masomo agomba kwitaho, ibyo agomba kuba yujuje, n’ibyo atagomba kujya munsi, byose akabihererwa ibaruwa ibyemeza.

Yasinywe mu 1989, agamije kwemeza amasomo yigishwa abashaka impamyabumenyi zitandukanye guhera ku cyiciro cya kabiri n’ibindi byiciro kugeza kuri PhD mu bijyanye na Engineering.

Yasinywe n’ibihugu bikomeye muri iyi mirimo, birimo u Bushinwa, u Buyapani, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Canada n’ibindi byo mu Burayi, hagamijwe kugira ngo amasomo yose atangwa muri Engineering abe amwe, afite ubuziranenge bifashe n’umuntu kuba yakorera mu kindi gihugu kitari icyo yigiyemo.

Ibi bisobanuye ko umuntu uturuka mu bihugu byemera ayo masezerano ariko gifite bwa buryo bwa APPM, afatwa nk’umunyamwuga muri ibyo bihugu bindi akaba yabona akazi byoroshye, kuko aba yaragenzuwe.

Ibyo bisobanuye ko n’amashuri yigisha Engineering agomba kureba niba amasomo atanga ahuye n’ibikubiye muri ayo masezerano kugira ngo hatabaho gutanga amasomo adafashije.

Kazawadi ati “Iyo umuntu arangije cya cyiciro tudafite cyo kwemeza ko amasomo atangwa ari ay’umwuga, hakurikiraho urundi rugendo rumufasha kwemeza ko afite ubwo bumenyi koko.”

Ni icyiciro uwo muntu aba yinjiyemo akimara kuva mu ishuri mbere y’uko “izina rye arishyirago Enjeniyeri” aho aba agomba kuzuza ibijyanye n’ubwenjeniyeri bw’umwuga, harebwa niba yujuje ibyangombwa byose bisabwa.

Kuri iyi nshuro umuntu aragenzurwa, agakora ibizamini byaba ibyanditse n’ibyo kuvuga, yabirangiza agahabwa ububasha bwo kuba yakwitwa enjenyeri uba yizewe ko atakwangiriza ibintu k’ubw’ubumenyi buke.

Kazawadi ati “Uwo murongo n’ayo mabwiriza mu Rwanda nta mategeko abigena ahari. N’ibindi bisaba uwo muntu kunyura muri iyo nzira ntabihari ni yo mpamvu bidakorwa.”

Ibibazo ntibyasize n’abo mu mashuri y’imyuga

Uretse iyi mikorere iri muri za kaminuza zigisha amasomo asaba uyarangije mo kuba umwenjeniyeri, Kazawadi agaragaza ko no mu mashuri y’imyuga iki kibazo kirimo.

Agaragaza ko hari amasezerano ajya kumera nk’ayasinyiwe i Washington muri Amerika areba abarangiza mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro ariko mu Rwanda akaba atubahirizwa.

Ni amasezerano yasinyiwe i Sydney (Sydney Accord), asinywa mu 2001 n’ibihugu birimo Australia, u Bwongereza, u Bushinwa, Irlande, Canada, Afurika y’Epfo n’ibindi, agena ko abarangiza ko hari indi nzira bagomba kunyuramo mbere yo kujya mu kazi.

Kazawadi ati “Na yo atanga ibyo urangiza muri ayo mashuri mu Rwanda nagereranya nka IPRC, agomba kugenderaho n’ibyo uyarangizamo agomba kuba yujuje ndetse yarabiherewe ikizamini.”

Ateganya ko amasomo aba banyeshuri biga agomba kuba yarasuzumwe binyuze muri ya gahunda ya APPM, hanyuma barangiza kwiga, bakanyura muri rya geragezwa (mu bindi bihugu rimara imyaka itatu) batsinda bakemererwa kujya mu mirimo.

Kazawadi ati “Ntabwo ari ukwicara ngo warangije hashira imyaka ibiri ukajya gusaba ibyangombwa kubera ko ngo warangije. Amasomo wize ntazwi, abagusuzumye ntibazwi, aho warangirije ntihazwi, n’ibindi. Ibyo ni ibibazo dufite bizatuma Abanyarwanda duhora tubonwa nk’abaciriritse.”

Yerekana ko igihugu kigomba gushyiraho urwo rwego, kikamenya ko rwubahiriza amabwiriza yose mpuzamahanga ahari, “ariko mbere na mbere kikabaza kigasinya ayo masezerano, kigahabwa n’urugendo rwo gushyiraho za nzego zose, kuko ari ibintu bisaba imyaka itanu.”

Iyo iyi politiki iyo imaze gushyirwaho iba imeze nk’itegeko rigenga andi yose muri uru rwego rigomba kubahirizwa na buri umwe wese.

Kazawadi akavuga ko “iyo abo muri za nzego zishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa ya masezerano baje bagasanga ntabyo mubifte, ntimunabizi, bavuga ko nta benjenyeri mufite.”

Ingaruka ni uruhuri

Ibi bizamini abenjeniyeri bagomba kunyuzwamo, Kazawadi bijya kumera nka bimwe u Rwanda rumaze guteramo imbere mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi.

Ni bimwe byinjiza abagaga mu mwuga, aho kuri iyi nshuro nta muntu wize ubuvuzi ushobora kwemererwa gukorera ako kazi mu Rwanda atarabikoze.

Kuri Kazawadi ni uko ikosa ry’umuganga ari umurwayi upfa, akagaragaza ko ikosa ry’umwenjenyeri ari akayabo k’amafaranga atikirira mu mishinga yubatswe nabi, n’ubuzima bushobora gutikira mu gihe igikorwaremezo cyakozwe nabi kiridutse.

Ati «Urumva iyo udashyizeho amategeko ahamye, bisobanuye ko n’uzaza kukugenzura cyangwa akazana umushinga w’ubucuruzi ushingiye kuri iyo mirimo, akabona ko harimo ibyago, ndetse hari n’imirimo itahakorerwa kuko umwuga utagenzuwe neza. »

Mu mboni ze avuga ko ibyo byose bizana ibibazo mu bucuruzi, mu guhanganira amasoko mpuzamahanga, kuba Abanyarwanda batabona akazi muri bimwe mu bihugu bikomeye, bitari n’uko wenda ari ubumenyi babuze ahubwo ko nta cyerekana ko babufite.

Ati « Ni ha handi ujyana enjenyeri mu mahanga azi ibintu ariko wagerayo bakareba impapuro ubereka n’uburyo mukora bakabona bataguha akazi nka enjenyeri ahubwo bakakaguha nk’umutekinisiye wo hasi. »

Uretse kujya mu mahanga ugahabwa akazi nk’umutekinisiye usanzwe, bya wa muntu wabuze icyo ashaka agafata icyo abonye, ku bw’imibereho nta bundi buryo buhari bwatuma Umunyarwanda afarwa nka enjenyeri.

Ati « Aho wakwiga hose mu gihe bidahindutse Abanyarwanda tuzahora turi hasi.”

Kubera iki ibuye ryagaragaye rikomeje kwica isuka?

Mumarangamutima menshi Kazawadi yerekana ko iki kibazo kimaze igihe kizwi, kandi ibyo amategeko agenga uyu mwuga binyuze muri ariya masezerano na yo abari muri uru rwego bayazi, ikibazo kikaba kimwe. Ni ukubera iki iyo gahunda idashyirwaho?

Avuga ko izo nshingano ari igihugu ndetse ngo nk’abayobozi b’ihuriro ntibahwemye kugaragaza ingaruka mbi z’iki kintu, ibintu ubuyobozi bwemera ariko kubishyira mu bikorwa bikaba ingorabahizi.

Ati "Ubuyobozi turabubwira tuti dore kutagira iyi politiki amahirwe bitubuza. Tukabyerekana. Niyo mpamvu nkanjye Perezida w’Ihuriro Nyafurika ry’Abenjeniyeri ndetse n’igihe nari ndi uw’ikigo cy’Abenjeniyeri mu Rwanda ntitwahwemye gutanga ubuvugizi."

Icyakora uyu muyobozi yerekana ko Inama igiye guhuriza Abenjeniyeri b’Isi basaga 1000 mu Rwanda ikwiriye kuba isomo ku Banyarwanda bakabaza uko ahandi bikorwa n’uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa "kuko u Rwanda rukomeje gutera imbere mu zindi nzego n’urw’Abenjeniyeri ntirusigare."