Natekerezaga ku zindi pariki z’inyamaswa nari narigeze kubona, nkumva ari ahantu hato hari utunyamaswa nsanzwe nzi. Icyakora, nabitekerejeho ndibwira nti “ni byiza ko njyana n’abandi”, maze ndiyandikisha.

Umunsi warageze turagenda, numva tutari butindeyo. Sinari nzi ko ari pariki umuntu ashobora kumaramo hafi umunsi wose yitegereza inyamaswa zo mu mashyamba ya Afurika, izo muri Aziya, izo mu nyanja n’ibindi binyabuzima bitandukanye.

Iyi pariki y’inyamaswa ni kimwe mu bigize Pariki ya Budapest (Budapest City Park ‘Városliget’), hafi y’ahazwi nk’Urubuga rw’Intwari (Heroes' Square).

Iyi pariki ifite amateka maremare kuko yashinzwe mu 1864, nubwo yatangiye kwakira abashyitsi mu 1866. Bivuze ko muri 2026 ari bwo yujuje imyaka 160 imaze yakira abayigana.

Amateka y’ingenzi ya Budapest Zoo

Mbere yo gukomeza gutembera muri iyi pariki, reka tubanze turebe amateka yayo y’ingenzi.

Amateka y’iyi pariki agaragaza ko yatangiye ifite inyamaswa zigera kuri 600 zo mu moko 100. Muri zo harimo ingamiya, kanguru, inkende, inyoni zitandukanye n’ibindi binyabuzima bitari bimenyerewe n’abatuye i Burayi.

Mu myaka irenga 160 imaze ibayeho, iyi pariki yagiye yagurwa ikanavugururwa, ihinduka ikigo cy’ubumenyi n’uburezi, kibungabunga ibidukikije kikanarinda amoko y’inyamaswa ari mu kaga ko kuzimira.

Mu 1907, ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Budapest bwafashe inshingano zo kuyicunga, maze hafatwa icyemezo cyo kuyivugurura ku buryo buhambaye. Hagati ya 1909 na 1912, pariki yarafunzwe kugira ngo hubakwe inyubako nshya, hanavugururwe izari zisanzwe zihari.

Yongeye gufungura mu 1912, ifite inyubako nyinshi mu zo abashyitsi babona uyu munsi. Muri zo harimo inzu y’inzovu, iy’ibimera byo mu bice bishyuha, iy’inyoni n’izindi.

Nubwo inyamaswa nyinshi zifite inzu zagenewe, ntizihora imbere muri zo. Hari igihe zijya hanze kuko iyi pariki ifite n’ibice byinshi bitubatsemo.

Ibi byatumye mbaza impamvu inyamaswa dusanzwe tuzi ko ziba mu mashyamba, nk’ingagi, intare, ingwe, inzovu, imbogo n’ingurube y’ishyamba, zubakiwe inzu zo kubamo.

Uwari ushinzwe kudutembereza yambwiye ko izi nyubako zirinda inyamaswa ubukonje. Yasobanuye ko u Burayi bugira igihe kirekire cy’ubukonje burimo n’urubura, ku buryo izi nyamaswa zitabonye aho zikinga zishobora gupfa.

Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, cyane cyane mu mirwano yabereye mu Mujyi wa Budapest mu mpera za 1944 no mu ntangiriro za 1945, iyi pariki yarasenyutse bikomeye.

Mbere y'intambara, yari ifite inyamaswa zigera ku 2.500. Nyuma y'imirwano, hasigaye hafi 24 gusa. Inyubako nyinshi na zo zari zasenyutse cyangwa zangiritse bikomeye.

Icyakora, muri Gicurasi 1945, pariki yongeye gufungura imiryango, nubwo yari isigaye ifite inyamaswa zitarenga 100. Yakomeje kwiyubaka buhoro buhoro.

Uyu munsi, ni kimwe mu bigo by’ingenzi muri Hongrie mu kwigisha ibijyanye n’ibidukikije, gukora ubushakashatsi no kurinda inyamaswa ziri mu kaga ko kuzimira.

Mu myaka imaze, Budapest Zoo yagize n’uruhare mu bushakashatsi no mu kororoka kw’inyamaswa. Mu 2007, yavukiyemo inkura ya mbere ku Isi yabyawe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera intanga mu buryo bwa gihanga (artificial insemination).

Kuri ubu, iyi pariki ifite inyamaswa zo mu moko agera kuri 650. Ikorana kandi n’ibindi bigo mpuzamahanga byita ku nyamaswa, birimo European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) na World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).

Pariki igutembereza Afurika, Amerika na Australia utavuye i Budapest

Iyi pariki irimo inyamaswa zo ku migabane inyuranye, ku buryo zimwe mu nyubako zahawe amazina y’ahantu hatandukanye, nka Madagascar, Amerika na Australie. Muri buri nyubako uhasanga ahanini inyamaswa zo mu gace yitiriwe.

Abantu benshi basura iyi pariki bahera ku musozi muremure ugaragara nk’urutare, wagereranya n’urutare rwa Ndaba.

Uyu musozi uzwi nka Great ock cyangwa Nagyszikla mu rurimi rw’Igihongiriya.

Iyo uwurebeye inyuma ukabona inkende n’izindi nyamaswa ziwurira, ushobora kwibwira ko ari urutare rusanzwe. Nyamara, ni inyubako yubatswe n’abantu mu gihe cyo kuvugurura pariki hagati ya 1909 na 1912.

Iyo uvuye kuri uyu musozi, utangira kwinjira mu nyubako zirimo inyamaswa nk’inzovu, ingagi n’izindi.

Kimwe mu bice bikurura abantu ni aho inzovu ziba. Izi nyamaswa z'ibihangange zigaragaza ubunini n'imbaraga, ariko iyo uzitegereje neza, uzibonana ubwitonzi budasanzwe.

Inzu y'inzovu (Elephant House) ni imwe mu nyubako zizwi cyane muri iyi pariki. Yubatswe mu gihe cyo kuvugurura pariki hagati ya 1909 na 1912. Ni inyubako ifite igisenge n'imitako byihariye, ku buryo n'iyo umuntu yaba ataje kureba inzovu, ashobora kuyitindaho ayitegereza.

Inzovu si zo zonyine ziba mu nzu, kuko hari n’izindi nyamaswa zirimo ingagi n’isatura.

Iyo usohotse muri izi nzu, hanze uhabona zimwe mu nyamaswa zirimo n’iz’inkazi. Aha ni ho amatsiko yiyongera, kuko uhasanga intare, ingwe n’izindi nyamaswa zo mu muryango w’injangwe nini.

Intare izwiho kuba inyamaswa ibana mu matsinda, mu gihe ingwe yo ikunze kwibera yonyine, ikihisha mu bihuru cyangwa mu mashyamba kugira ngo ifate umuhigo. No muri iyi pariki ni uko bimeze, kuko ingwe igerageza kwihisha uko ibishoboye.

Hanze kandi uhasanga izindi nyamaswa nk’imparage, gasumbamashyamba, ingamiya n’izindi.

Ingamiya zizwiho ubushobozi bwo kumara igihe kirekire ahantu hashyuha kandi haboneka amazi make, nko mu butayu, aho kubona amazi n’ibiribwa bishobora kugorana.

Uwadutemberezaga yatubwiye ko amateka ya Hongrie afite aho ahurira n’ingamiya kuko mu 1189, Umwami Béla III yahaye ingamiya Umwami w’abami w’Abaromani, Frederick Barbarossa, ubwo ingabo ze zari zinyuze muri Hongirie zerekeje mu Ntambara ya Gatatu y’Abanyamisaraba (Crusade).

Imvubu zimaze imyaka irenga 130 muri iyi pariki

Imwe mu nyamaswa zifite amateka yihariye muri iyi pariki ni imvubu. Iya mbere yahageze mu 1893, yitwa Jónás. Icyo gihe yari imwe mu nyamaswa zidasanzwe zari zagejejwe muri Hongrie, iza gukurikirwa n’izindi mu myaka yakurikiyeho.

Igitangaje kurushaho ni uko kuva mu 1893 kugeza uyu munsi, iyi pariki itigeze ibura nibura imvubu imwe. Bivuze ko mu gihe kirenga imyaka 130, imvubu zagiye zisimburana muri iyi pariki. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko ari umwihariko utarigeze ugerwaho n’indi pariki y’inyamaswa ku Isi.

Imvubu ni inyamaswa nini, zimara igihe kinini mu mazi kugira ngo zirinde imibiri yazo ubushyuhe bw'izuba. Nubwo zigaragara nk'izituje iyo ziri mu mazi, mu by'ukuri zishobora kuba inyamaswa ziteje akaga cyane mu gasozi.

Inzoka, Shark, ingona n'ibindi binyabuzima byo mu mazi urabihasanga

Abantu batinya inzoka bakunze gusimbuka iki gice kuko kugisura bibasaba ubutwari. Muri iyi nyubako uhasanga inyamaswa zikururuka (reptiles), zirimo inzoka, n’izindi zifite imiterere itandukanye n’iy’inyamaswa tumenyereye.

Uretse ubwoko butandukanye bw’inzoka, uhabona n’izindi nyamaswa nk’ingona, hamwe n’ibindi binyabuzima byo mu mazi. Aha witegereza n’inyamaswa zishobora kubaho mu mazi no ku butaka.

Muri iki gice ni na ho hari inyubako y’ibimera byo mu bice bishyuha, izwi nka Palm House (Pálmaház). Iyo uyinjiyemo, uhita wumva impinduka z’ubushyuhe, kuko uva mu bukonje bwa Budapest ukinjira ahantu hashyuha nk’aho mu butayu.

Igituma irushaho kuba iyihariye ni uko idafite ibimera gusa. Hafi y’iyi nyubako hari Aquarium, aho ushobora kwitegereza ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, birimo amafi yo mu mazi meza n’ayo mu nyanja nka shark.

Hari n'igice cyagenewe ibinyugunyugu, kizwi nka Butterfly Garden cyangwa Lepkekert.

Aha ni ahantu hihariye, aho ibinyugunyugu bitandukanye bigurukira mu mwanya wabigenewe, biva ku kimera kimwe bijya ku kindi. Amabara yabyo, uburyo biguruka n’ubwiza bwabyo bituma iki gice gikurura abantu bakunda ibidukikije.

Nk’uko izina ryayo ribigaragaza, “Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden” ntirimo inyamaswa gusa. Harimo n’ubusitani bufite ibimera bitandukanye, ibiti n’ahantu umuntu ashobora kwicara akaruhuka.

Muri byo harimo Japanese Garden, ubusitani bwubatswe mu buryo bw'Abayapani, burimo ibimera, amazi n'ibindi bintu bigaragaza umuco w'ubusitani wo mu Buyapani.

Ibi bice byo hanze bikunze kubamo abantu benshi. Uhasanga n’igisa n’ikiyaga kibamo inyamaswa zo mu mazi zizwi nk’intare zo mu nyanja, “sea lions”.

Izi nyamaswa zikunze gushimisha ba mukerarugendo kubera ubwenge zigaragaza iyo zikina n’abashinzwe kuzitaho.

Uteganya gusura iyi pariki akwiye kumenya ko atari ahantu watembera ngo uhamare mu isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri. Bisaba kuyigenera umunsi wihariye no kwitegura bihagije, kuko harimo byinshi byo gusura.