Mu mateka yaranze u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu iyimuka ry’abantu, hagiye haboneka inyito nyinshi zubakiye ku bigwi, imihigo n’icyubahiro bikwiriye buri wese n’akarusho yari azanye ku butaka bushya yari aje guturaho nyuma yo gusiga gakondo y’abakurambere.

Izo nyito, hari zimwe muri zo zabiciye bigacika n’ubu zikigirwaho impaka z’urudaca.

Muri iyi nkuru tugiye kugaruka ku mateka akura igihu ku nkomoko z’inyito benshi bibaza inkomoko yazo, twifashishije ibitabo byanditswe n’Umusizi Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu birimo Imizi y’u Rwanda, Intwari z’imbanza zubatse u Rwanda rugahamya igitinyiro ndetse n’icyitwa Iyororoka ry’Abanyarwanda, inkomoko y’imiryango migari.

Muri ibyo bitabo ni ho dusanga ibijyanye n’Abasangwabutaka, Ibimanuka, Abakonde, Abagererwa, Abahinza, Abasinga, Abasinga b’Abagahe, Abasinga b’Abanukamishyo n’ayandi.

Abasangwabutaka

Izina Abasangwabutaka ni abasekuruza b’imiryango yatuye bwa mbere ku butaka bw’u Rwanda. Bagizwe n’Abazigaba n’Abasinga n’imiryango migari ibakomokamo.

Iryo zina barihawe n’Abanyiginya mu iyaduka ryabo, mu kurema inyito iranga itandukaniro n’icyubahiro babasumbya cyo kuba barageze kuri ubu butaka bwa mbere.

Abasangwabutaka mu yindi mvugo ni ‘abo Abanyiginya basanze bategeka’ bageze ku butaka mbere y’abandi bukiri amashyamba.

Abasinga batungukiye mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, baronda ubuhehere bw’inkengero z’Ikiyaga cya Kivu n’amashyamba y’Ibirunga n’aya Gishwati, Nyungwe, Mukura na Cyamudongo bayaheraho bahiga.

Kubera ko ntawe bacuranwaga ngo abakome imbere kuri ubu butaka, barisanzuye baratura kugeza n’ubwo basakaje ingoma zabo mu Rwanda rw’u Burengerazuba, Amajyepfo no Hagati ndetse bambuka na Nyabarongo basatira u Burasirazuba.

Nubwo Abasinga ari umuryango uganje igihe kirekire i Rwanda, na bo barimo ibice bitatu hakurikijwe uko bagiye bimuka. Aho ni ho dusanga Abasinga b’Abasangwabutaka, Abasinga b’Abanukamishyo n’Abasinga b’Abagahe.

Bitwa amazina atandukanye y’inyongera ariko bose bakomoka ahantu hamwe bagatandukanywa n’ibisekuruza by’imiryango migari yabo n’igihe bagereye mu Rwanda.

Abandi Basangwabutaka bazwi mu mateka y’u Rwanda, ni Abazigaba. Abahanga mu mateka y’u Rwanda bagaragaza neza ko Abazigaba batuye mu ba mbere mu Rwanda ahagana mu mwaka wa 400 bafite inkomoko ku Bahima bo muri Uganda ari bo bakunze kwita ‘Abahima b’Abanyankore’.Bari barangajwe imbere n’umukuramberewabo Kazigaba.

Mu iyaduka ryabo bishimiye gutura hafi y’ibiyaga bigari byo mu Burasirazuba bw’igihugu aba ari ho batema amashyamba barahatura babungira ubuhehere aka gace kakomoraga kuri ibyo biyaga n’Umugezi w’Akagera.

Gakondo ya mbere y’igicumbi gikuru cy’imiryango y’Abazigaba ni mu Mirenge ya Mwili na Murundi yo mu Karere ka Kayonza hamwe na Rwimbogo wo mu Karere ka Gatsibo.

Ibimanuka

Iyo usesenguye amateka y’ibimanuka usanga ari Abanyiginya. Iyo nyito yabereye benshi urujijo kuko bayifata nk’aho ari iy’abantu bavuye mu ijuru ariko mu ndimi z’amahanga nk’Igifaransa, bivuga ‘Les descendants pour changement’. Ni ukuvuga ko ari abahageze bafite intego n’impinduramatwara mu myumvire, imiyoborere, imibereho n’imibanire n’ibindi.

Izina ry’Ibimanuka, Abanyiginya barihawe n’Abasinga ndetse n’Abazigaba, mu rwego rwo guhanga inyito igaragaza itandukaniro ryabo n’abo bari basanze. Na none bigendana n’uburyo bababonaga mu myitwarire, mu ngiro no mu ntekerezo, bihabanye n’uko bari bazi abandi basangiye ubutaka bw’akarere batuyemo.

Abanyiginya basesekaye mu karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba no mu Rwanda, ahasaga mu mwaka wa 700, ubwo bari mu iyimuka nk’abandi bose batuye muri Afurika, bashaka ubwinyagamburiro bw’imiryango n’amatungo yabo dore ko bari abatunzi b’ikirenga b’inka kandi zishaka inzuri ngari.

Mbere y'uko u Rwanda ruturwa, igihugu cyose cyari amashyamba ya cyimeza