Ubwanditsi: Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko ni ibitekerezo bya Natacha Umutoni Ushinzwe Itumanaho n’ibijyanye no kwiga mu Kigo cya Cenfri

Ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse bizwi nka MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) bigize 98% by’amasosiyete yose mu Rwanda, kandi bikaba bitanga akazi ku bantu barenga miliyoni 2,5 nk’uko imibare itangazwa na Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda ibigaragaza.

Mu gihe Isi ikataje mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga kandi ku muvuduko uri hejuru, ibi bigo byo biracyagenda biguru ntege nyamara ugasanga uku guseta ibirenge bidindiza cyane iterambere ryabyo.

Nubwo bimwe muri ibi bigo byatangiye gukoresha uburyo bw’ibaruramari bugezweho nka QuickBooks, hari ibindi bigikoresha uburyo bw’impapuro cyangwa ikoranabuhanga riciriritse mu mikorere yabyo ya buri munsi nko gucunga ibicuruzwa ndetse n’ibaruramari.

Ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo, Mastercard Foundation n’Ishami ry’Ikoranabuhanga mu Rugaga rw’Abikorera mu Rwanda, ICT Chamber, binyuze muri porogaramu ifite gahunda yo gufasha mu rugendo rw’ikoranabuhanga (Rwanda Economy Digitalisation: RED), Ikigo Cenfri kizatoranya ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse mu gihugu hose mu rwego rwo kubifasha kunoza ibyo bikora kongera urwunguko ndetse no guhanga imirimo.

Ku rundi ruhande, Mastercard Foundation yihaye intego yo guhanga imirimo mishya kandi ihesha agaciro abayikora ku bakiri bato miliyoni 30 muri Afurika bitarenze 2030.

Hazibandwa cyane cyane ku rubyiruko, abagore, ba rwiyemezamirimo bo mu cyaro ndetse n’abantu bafite ubumuga.

Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’iyi gahunda ya RED, dufite intego yo gufasha ibigo bigera kuri 40, aho kugeza ubu hamaze gutoranywa ibigo 24 bigaragara ko bikeneye gufashwa mu rugendo rwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu mirimo bikora y’ubucuruzi.

Ibi bikaba ari ibigo ahanini biyobowe n’abagore cyangwa urubyiruko bikorera mu bice by’icyaro. Aha harimo inzego zitandukanye z’imirimo nk’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi nko gutunganya ibikomoka ku mata n’umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi, ubucuruzi , uburezi ndetse n’ubukerarugendo.

Ikigero cy’imikoreshereze y’ikoranabuhanga

Mu gihe hakorwaga imirimo ijyanye no gutoranya ibigo bizafashwa muri iyi gahunda, abacuruzi bagaragaje imbogamizi zinyuranye zidindiza iterambere ry’ibikorwa byabo.

Nko ku bijyanye no kwishyura no kwishyurwa, byagaragaye ko mu buryo rusange hakoreshwa kohererezanya amafaranga kuri banki, kwishyurana mu ntoki cyangwa hakoreshejwe telefone.

Ni mu gihe abaguzi bo batumiza ibyo bakeneye bifashishije ubutumwa bugufi kuri telephone cyangwa email.

Hari abagerageje ubucuruzi bukorewe kuri internet bagerageza kureshya abaguzi b’imbere mu gihugu ariko kubera ikiguzi cya bene ubu bucuruzi kiri hejuru cyane bigakubitiraho n’uko butitabirwa n’abaguzi bahisemo kubireka.

Iyamamazabikorwa rikorewe kuri internet na ryo rikorwa mu buryo bunyuranye: Hari ibigo bifite urubuga n’imbuga nkoranyambaga, ariko hari n’ibindi bifite imbogamizi yo kuba nta makuru yabyo aboneka ku mbuga.

Ibijyanye no gukora inyemezabwishyu bikorwa ahanini mu buryo bw’impapuro cyangwa ikoranabuhanga riciriritse.

Ibigo byinshi byifashisha ahanini telefone z’abakozi ku giti cyabo mu gukora ibikorwa byose bijyanye no kwamamaza no kwakira ibyifuzo ’ by’abaguzi.

Ibi bigaragaza ko hakiri ikibazo cy’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bidahagije.

Byinshi mu bigo by’ubucuruzi bito níbiciriritse usanga bitagira mudasobwa, ibi bikaba imbogamizi ikomeye yo kuba bitabasha gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bunoze.

Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara

Nubwo bwose hari intumbero zo gukora ubucuruzi bwagutse harimo no kugeza ibyo bakora mu mahanga ndetse no kunoza imikorere, ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse twaganiriye usanga bigihanganye n’ibibazo bitandukanye.

Birimo kuba hakiri icyuho mu bumenyi ku ikoranabuhanga, impungenge ku bujura bukoresheje ikoranabuhanga, ibikorwaremezo by’ikoranabuhanga bidahagije no kuba nta politiki zihamye zigenga ubucuruzi bukorewe kuri internet.

Nk’urugero, bamwe mubo twaganiriye batubwiye ko baterwa impungenge no kuba nta mategeko yihariye agenga ubucuruzi bukorewe kuri internet mu Rwanda, aho usanga hifashishwa amategeko y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu gukora ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu. Usanga aya mategeko adasubiza ibibazo byihariye by’ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu.

Mu zindi mbogamizi zagaragaye harimo: Ingingo zikubiye mu masezerano: Benshi mu bacuruzi bato n’abaciriritse baracyagorwa no gukora amasezerano ndetse no gushyiramo ingingo zikwiriye ziborohereza kunoza imikoranire n’abaguzi.

Iyamamazabikorwa ridahagije: Kuba nta makuru y’ibyo bakora ajya ahagaragara bituma umubare w’ababagana uba muto.

Ihuzamakuru ku bikorwa ritanoze: Kuba nta buryo buboneye bwo gukurikirana umusaruro kuva usaruwe, kugera aho utunganirizwa ndetse no kugera ugeze ku isoko bikaba byateza igihombo.

Ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibicirirtse cyane cyane ibitunganya umusaruro ntibifite uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibipimo (KPIs) bifasha gushyiraho nimero yihariye iranga umusaruro wakorewe mu gihe kimwe (batch number).

Iyi nimero ni ingenzi mu gukurikirana urugendo rwose kugera ku muguzi. Gukoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga nka MRP bizafasha mu gukemura iki kibazo ndetse no kwita ku bipimo by’ubuziranenge.

Kudacunga neza ububiko: Kugenzura ibicuruzwa biri mu bubiko ntibikorwa ku gihe,rimwe na rimwe nk’incuro imwe mu mezi atandatu ibi bigatuma bigorana guhuza n’amakuru y’ihidagurika ry’isoko.

Uburyo butanoze bwo gukurukirana ibyatumijwe n’abaguzi: Benshi bakoresha WhatsApp ariko nta konti yihariye ya WhatsApp yagenewe ubucuruzi, bigatuma gukurikirana ibyo umuguzi yatumije bidakorwa neza.

Gupigana ku isoko no kudahanga udushya: Hari ikibazo cy’uko nta guhanga udushya kuri mu bucuruzi aho usanga abantu benshi bakora ibintu bimwe bityo bikica isoko.

Imbogamizi zishingiye ku ruhererekane rw’ibikorwa mu gihe cyo gutunganya umusaruro:
Abacuruzi cyane cyane abo kuri internet ntibabonera ibicuruzwa ku gihe bityo bakagorwa no guhaza isoko, ibi bikanagira ingaruka ku biciro n’isoko muri rusange.

Amakuru atuzuye: Ibigo byinshi ntibikusanya amakuru, n’ababikora ntibabikora ku gihe. Ibi bituma abacuruzi bagorwa no kugira amakuru ya nyayo ku nkomoko y’inyungu ku bikorwa binyuranye by’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi.

Uko RED program izafasha abacuruzi

Mu gukemura ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, RED ifasha ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse ibigezaho uburyo bwifashishije ikoranabuhanga butuma banoza imikorere, kumenyekanisha ibyo bakora ndetse no kubaka ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko.

Ibikorwa byibanda kuri ibi bikurikira:

Imenyekanishabikorwa ryubakiye ku ikoranabuhanga hubakwa imbuga no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga zindi mu buryo bunoze. Ibi bikazafasha abacuruzi kugeza amakuru y’ibyo bakora ku bantu benshi no guhana amakuru n’abaguzi n’abafatanyabikorwa mu buryo bwiza kandi kinyamwuga.

Kugabanya amakosa aboneka mu micungire y’ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa no mu ruhererekane rw’ibikorwa mu gihe cy’itunganywa ry’umusaruro: Abacuruzi bazafashwa kugira ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa bucunzwe neza hubakwa uburyo bw’ ikoranabuhanga bwa MIS bubafasha gukurikirana itunganywa ry’umusaruro akantu ku kandi bityo bagabanye ibihombo bituruka ku kwangirika kw’ibikoreshwa mu gutunganya umusaruro ndetse n’umusaruro ubwawo.

Ibi bizatuma ibigo bigira ububiko bucunzwe neza kandi bubasha guhaza isoko.

Ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse bizagezwaho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwa CRM: Ubu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga buzafasha ibigo by’ubucuruzi kubona no gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse amakuru yose y’abaguzi bityo byihutishe serivisi babagezaho.

Kubaka uburyo bukomatanije bwo kwishyura burimo ubukoresheje telefone, guhererekanya amafaranga kuri banki hamwe n’inyemezabwishyu ya EBM, mu rwego rwo guha ibigo ubushobozi bwo gukora ibaruramari rinoze kandi ryihuse.

Gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru: Ibigo bizafashwa kubaka ubushobozi bwo kugira amakuru yizewe arebana n’ibyacurujwe, imiterere y’isoko, ububiko n’ibaruramari.

Aya makuru kandi azafasha ibigo kumenya ibicuruzwa byunguka kurusha ibindi, ibikenewe ku isoko, gukurikirana imyenda no kugenzura imikorere.

Gutanga amahugurwa kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo n’abakozi kugira ngo babashe gukoresha neza ubu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga twarondoye.

Ibigo by’ubucuruzi bizahabwa amahugurwa ku ikoreshwa rya bumwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, iyamazabikorwa rigezweho, gukora raporo z’ibaruramari no gukora isesengura ry’ibanze ry’amakuru.

Kurebera ibibazo biri mu bigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse mu mboni z’ikoranabuhanga gusa ntibihagije.

Hari uruhuri rw’inzitizi zindi ibi bigo bihura na zo, byagera kubikorera mu byaro bikaba akarusho.

Kwaba ari ukwibeshya tuvuze ko ubufasha RED izaha ibi bigo by’ubucuruzi ari nka rya buye rimwe riterwa mu giti hakaguruka inyoni nyinshi, kuko bwo bwonyine ntibwabasha kugeza ibi bigo ku kigero cy’iterambere cyifuzwa.

Ariko nanone, mu gihe bizaba bikozwe neza, ibi bigo bizabasha nibura kuva mu buryo gakondo bw’imikorere bitangire gukoresha uburyo bunoze kandi bwihuta bwubakiye ku ikoranabuhanga.

Mu kubakira ku buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga busanzwe buhari ndetse no kongeramo uburyo bushya kandi bugenzweho, twizera ko ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse bizabasha kuziba ibyuho bisanzwe mu mikorere yabyo no kongera amahirwe yo kwagura ibikorwa.
Ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse bifashwa muri iyi gahunda ya RED bigirwa inama yo kwitondera amahitamo y’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga byifuza gukoresha.

Byaba ikibazo mu gihe ikigo cyubatse uburyo bw’imikorere bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga nyamara kidafite ubushobozi bwo kuzakomeza kubukoresha igihe kirambye.

Urugero, mu gihe uburyo koranabuhanga bukoreshwa busaba ubushobozi bwo kwishyura buri kwezi ikigo kigomba kuba gifite ubwo bushobozi.

Hazitabwa cyane cyane mu kugenzura uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwihariye bunogeye buri kigo. Ibi bizagerwaho hakorwa isuzuma ry’ibanze hanarebwa ubushobozi ikigo gisanganwe.

Uramutse ufite ubucuruzi buto ukorera mu Rwanda, by’umwihariko uri urubyiruko cyangwa umugore ukorera hanze y’Umujyi wa Kigali kandi ukaba wifuza kujya muri iyi gahunda, watwandikira unyuze aha [email protected]