Ingabo za RPA zari zishamikiye ku Muryango FPR Inkotanyi zimaze kubohora u Rwanda, abateguye bakanakora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bahungiye mu bihugu bitandukanye ariko bakubita agatoki ku kandi ngo bazisubiza ubutegetsi vuba.

Ni uko bashinze umutwe w’iterabwoba wa ALiR waje guhinduka FDLR, ugizweho n’ingabo zatsinzwe (Ex-FAR) ndetse n’Interahamwe, zikomereza ubugizi bwa nabi muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, zibasira Abatutsi b’Abanye-Congo.

Mu 1997, abarwanyi ba ALiR bacengeye mu Rwanda, binjira mu bice bitandukanye birimo Akarere ka Ngororero, birara mu baturage batangira kubasahura, bashimuta abakobwa barabasambanya, babajyana mu gisirikare ndetse batwara n’abasore bafite imbaraga.

Abakobwa bashimutwaga ntibafatwaga ku ngufu gusa, kuko bakoreshwaga ibikorwa by’uburetwa birimo guteka, kujya gusahura mu baturage uyu mutwe n’imyambaro, ndetse na bo bakigishwa gukoreshwa intwaro babwirwa ko igihe umwanzi yabatera bagomba kuba bazi kwitabara.

Icyo gihe abashimuswe babwirwaga ko umwanzi wa FDLR ari Umututsi. Urugamba iyo rwakomeraga, abo bakobwa bashimuswe na bo bajyanwaga kugaba ibitero.

Umwe muri bo ni Mukagasana (Izina ryahinduwe) ubu ufite imyaka 43. Ari mu cyiciro cya 77 cy’abahoze mu mitwe nka FDLR baheruka guhabwa amasomo yo gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe, mu Kigo cya Mutobo mu Karere ka Musanze.

Abacengezi binjira mu Rwanda mu 1997 yari afite imyaka 14, bakaba barageze n’iwabo mu yahoze ari Komini ya Kanama bica se na mubyara we, we baramushimuta ndetse banamusambanya, banamujyana muri FDLR.

Mukagasana ati ‘‘Ni ho Abacengezi bansanze, batwara umubyeyi wanjye (Se) ndetse bica n’umushyitsi (mubyara we) wari uri aho. Data baramufashe bamuca umutwe baramukomezanya bamujyana mu gace FDLR yakoreragamo, bari Abacengezi icyo gihe. Bamumanika ku giti ngo abantu bose barebe. [...] Basahuye inka 10 zari mu rugo, njye baranshorera banjyana mu cyahoze ari Komini ya Ramba, Segiteri ya Mabuye.’’

‘‘Tutaragerayo neza nakorewe ihohoterwa nkiri mu mayira. Baransambanyije, kuko nari umwana muto nari mfite imyaka 14, kugenda birananira bancumbikisha mu nzira baza kuhankura ndi kubasha gutambuka. Ngezeyo bankoresheje igisirikare nabwo ntabishoboye, ariko banyobya ubwenge banywesha urumogi kugira ngo mbashe gutinyuka ibyo bankoresheje byose.’’

Muri urwo rugendo, Mukagasana yakomeje gusambanywa n’abo bacengezi ndetse n’abayobozi babo barimo uzwi nka Colonel Nkundiye, ku buryo atazi umubare w’abagabo bamusambanyije.

Ari mu bagabye ibitero ahari inkambi y’Abatutsi

Mukagasana wari ukiri muto yakomeje gukoreshwa n’Abacengezi, ndetse bakamujyana kugaba ibitero mu bice bitandukanye byari byarahungiyemo Abatutsi, birimo n’ahitwa ku Karumbi.

Ati ‘‘Muri urwo rugendo rwanjye nahahuriye n’ibibazo byinshi. Twagiye gutera kuri ‘position’ yari iri ku Karumbi ahantu inkambi y’Abatutsi yari iri. Bagezeyo basahura inka, basahura n’ihene zari zihari. N’ubundi hari mu 1997. Bica umugore n’umugabo n’umwana, bica abakobwa batatu umwe yari afite imyaka 12, undi yari afite 13, undi yari afite 14.’’

‘‘Abandi bashorera inka, njye barambwira ngo ‘Shorera aba bana tubatware, aba na bo dufite aho turabakoresha.’ Twagendaga ducumbika mu giturage. [...] Barambwira Bati ‘Aba bana barinde’ ndabarinda, bigeze mu rukerera ndavuga nti ‘Ibyo ari byo byose buracya dukomeza urugendo tuva aha, kandi aba bana bari bubice. Ndababwira nti ‘Mwa bana mwe ngiye kubitangira, ndababwira ahantu muri bunyure mugende mukomeze inzira twaturutsemo’.’’

Mukagasana yacikishije abo bana, Abacengezi bari babashimuse bamuha igihano cyo kumukubita inkoni 150, ziramurembya ananirwa kugenda, ibyanamuviriyemo ubumuga kugeza ubu kuko nta mirimo ikomeye abasha gukora.

Kuko yari atakibasha gukomezanya na bo urugendo kubera izo nkoni, bamujyanye mu Ishyamba rya Mukura muri Kibuye basiga bamurambitse ibuye rinini ku mugongo ngo adatoroka, ahamara iminsi ine.

Abacengezi basubiye gufata Mukagasana aho bari bamusize bamusubiza muri Komini ya Kanama, agendana n’abarimo Colonel Bigaruka wari ubayoboye.

Bakomeje kwifashisha Mukagasana kuko ari we wari uzi ako gace bari bahungiyemo, bamusaba kubayobora mu ngo z’abaturage bafite ubutunzi bakajya gusahura ibyo kurya.

Ati ‘‘Barambwira bati ‘Ni wowe uzi aha hantu tugomba kubona ibyo kurya.’ Twaragiye tujya mu giturage tujya gushakayo ibyo kurya, umuntu utaremeraga kutugaburira baramuzanaga bagacukura mu Ishyamba rya Gishwati, bakamutaba bakamwica.’’

Ari mu bagabye igitero ku banyeshuri b’i Nyange

Mu gihe Abacengezi binjiraga mu Rwanda, bagabaga ibitero mu bice bitandukanye, baraswaho n’ingabo za RPA bagahindura ibirindiro, bakagaba ibitero mu tundi duce. Mukagasana wari ufite imyaka 14 avuga ko ari umwe mu Bacengezi bagabye igitero ku banyeshuri b’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997.

Ati ‘‘Hari ibitero twagabye i Nyange ku Kibuye, hapfuyemo abana b’abanyeshuri, hagwamo n’abasirikare. Hari ibyo twagabye kuri Komini ya Ramba, hapfuye abasirikare, ndetse hapfuyemo na Burugumesitiri Ndahimana. [...] Igitero cyagabwe ku mashuri y’i Nyange ku Kibuye, twateguye ‘Operation’ ari mu gihe cya nimugoroba.’’

‘‘Turavuga tuti ‘Bamwe baragenda mbese ari icyiciro gitegura igitero, kibanza kumenya amakuru y’ahantu uko hateye n’uko umutekano waho umeze. Hari abenshi bagiye mbese bameze nk’abantu bagiye kurwana kandi atari abarwanyi, kugira ngo bazabashe kutwereka inzira neza. [...] Twagabyeyo ibitero, dusaba kwitandukanya, Abatutsi ukwabo, Abahutu ukwabo.’’

Mukagasana yahishuye ko kimwe mu byababaje abagabye igitero ku banyeshuri b’i Nyange mu 1997, ari uko babasabye kwitandukanya ngo Abatutsi bajye ukwabo n’Abahutu bajye ukwabo bakabyanga, bikangiza umugambi wo gushimuta ab’Abahutu ngo babajyane muri FDLR bakabica batarobanuye.

Ati ‘‘Ubwo Abatutsi ntabwo babashije kwitandukanya, n’Abahutu ntibabashije kwitandukanya, ubwo bose twarishe turataha. Muri icyo gihe twabiganiyeho turavuga tuti ‘Iki gihugu cy’u Rwanda kugifata turi kubona bitazatworohera, ubwo twageze mu bana b’abanyeshuri tukababwira kwitandukanya bakanga’.’’

‘‘Byaduciye intege kuko twagiye tuzi ko Abahutu barajya ukwabo nibura tukabatwara mu ishyamba tukabashimuta, tukabwira Abatutsi kujya ukwabo ngo tubice ukwabo. Banze twabuze uko tubavangura, ni yo mpamvu twarashe buri umwe wese.’’

Mukagasana kandi avuga ku bindi bitero yibuka yagizemo uruhare, mbere y’uko abagize FDLR bongera guhungira mu mashyamba ya RDC.

Ati ‘‘Nyuma y’igitero hari indi ‘position’ yo hafi y’aho twagabye y’igitero n’ubundi, atari uwo munsi. Twongeye gutegura indi ‘Operation’. [...] Njye nabashije kurasa abasirikare babiri barapfa, ibyo ni byo nibuka. Nibuka na none muri Ngororero ku karere, na ho twahagabye ibitero haza gupfamo abantu.’’

Abarwanyi ba FDLR bahabwa umushahara na Leta ya RDC

Mukagasana avuga ko bakigerayo, uyu mutwe w’iterabwoba utahise ugirana imishyikirano na Leta ya RDC kuko wanasangaga abarwanyi bawo bajya gusahura mu bigo bya leta bagatera nk’amavuriro yaho bagasahura ibirimo imiti.

Gusa mu gihe gito Laurent Désiré Kabila wayoboye RDC kuva mu 1997 kugeza mu 2001, yifashishije aba bacengezi kugira ngo bamufashe guhangana n’ingabo z’u Rwanda.

Muri iki gihe nibwo abarwanyi ba FDLR batangiye guhembwa imishahara na Leta ya RDC, ndetse bikomeza kugenda biba uruhererekane nubwo nyuma bitakomeje gukorwa mu buryo bweruye kuva FDLR yashyirwa ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba.

Mukagasana ati ‘‘Tugeze muri Congo barasahuraga, ni byo ariko bageze aho baza kwiyunga. Baza kwiyunga baza gufatanya. [...] Leta ya Congo (RDC) yaduhaga imyenda, ikaduha umushahara. Hari amafaranga batugeneraga y’umushahara twawubonagaho, imyenda yo kwambara, inkweto, buri kimwe cyose ingabo za Congo zabonaga natwe twarakibonaga nk’abasirikare.’’

Muri FDLR, Mukagasana yari afite ipeti rya Caporal. Ibitero yibuka yarwanyemo muri RDC ni ibyagabwe mu duce twa Rubaya banahasahura inka nyinshi z’Abanye-Congo.

Ati ‘‘Twasahuye n’inka nyinshi mu baturage b’Abanyamulenge, mbese abantu bavuga ko ari Abatutsi. Twarabishe icyo gihe, dusahura inka zabo turazijyana turazirya, abakobwa na bo turabatwara icyo gihe. Abenshi barapfuye abandi barasambanywa.’’

Abagore ni bo benshi bakora ubutasi muri FDLR

Abagore n’abakobwa bari barashimuswe na FDLR baganiriye na IGIHE, hari byinshi bahurizaho mu buhamya batanga ku mibereho yabo muri uyu mutwe.

Gufatwa ku ngufu hafi buri munsi ni icyita rusange ku mibereho yabo, ariko hakiyongeraho inshingano ziganjemo izo koherezwa gutata amakuru, bakayashyira abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe.

Habanza gutoranywamo abakobwa n’abagore barebare bakaba ari bo boherezwa gutata amakuru, bakavuga ko basa n’Abatutsi bityo ko bagiye gushaka amakuru nko mu bice bituyemo Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi, nta wabakeka kuko yaba abona ari bene wabo.

Ikindi gituma abagore ari bo benshi bakoreshwa mu butasi bwa FDLR ni uko ari gake bicyekwa ko umugore ari kugenzwa n’umugambi mubisha mu gace runaka agezemo ari mushya, kubera kwibwira ko muri rusange umugore ahora ari umunyampuhwe nyinshi.

Mukagasana na we agaruka ku nshingano zakorwaga cyane n’abagore muri FDLR, mbere y’uko we atoroka akava muri uyu mutwe mu 2003.

Ati ‘‘Ubuzima bw’umukobwa wari muri FDLR muri icyo gihe, akazi ke kari ako gutara amakuru ku manywa, abatagiye gutara amakuru bakabasambanya, ataba ari gusambanywa akaba yagiye gusahura no gushaka ibyo kurya. Ni ko kazi ke yabaga akora, no gushaka amakuru. Hari n’abandi boherezaga bakagaruka inyuma mu Rwanda gushaka amakuru y’uko bimeze mu Rwanda.’’

‘‘Ubwo bakagaruka bakayaduha, ako ni ko kazi abakobwa cyane bakoraga. Kuko umukobwa ageze mu Rwanda ntabwo wamenya ngo ni uyu, bagarukaga inyuma gutwara amakuru bakayabashyira uko mu Rwanda bimeze [...] Ariko abo bakobwa ntibabaga babyishimiye, bakorerwaga ihohoterwa bagasambanywa, mbese bari barabaye ingaruzwamuheto.’’

Kuki abo bakobwa bageraga mu Rwanda, ariko bagasubira muri FDLR kandi yarabahohoteraga?

Inzozi z’Umunyarwandakazi wese washimuswe na FDLR ndetse akagumishwamo ku gahato, ni ugutaha mu Rwanda agasubira kubaho mu buzima busanzwe nk’undi muturage wese utekereza ku iterambere rye, iry’umuryango we no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda za leta.

Gusa ushobora kwibaza icyatumaga abakobwa n’abagore bashimuswe n’uyu mutwe nyuma bagahabwa inshingano zo kujya gutata amakuru mu Rwanda, batarugumagamo ngo batandukane na bya bikorwa bibi byo gusambanywa no gukoreshwa uburetwa bakorerwa muri FDLR.

Mukagasana ati ‘‘Ikintu cyatumaga asubira inyuma, yaratekerezaga ati ‘Umunsi bazaza bakamfata nanjye bazanyica’. Kuko batubwiraga ko umuntu tuzafata yasubiye inyuma ari ugucukura tukamuhamba. Ubwo waba ufite ubwoba, wahitaga ugaruka ukabaha amakuru. Waba washize ubwoba ukaguma mu gihugu, wahitaga ugenda ukajya mu muryango wawe.’’

Muri rusange, abarwanyi ba FDLR bajyanywemo bashimuswe bakajyanwa mu gisirikare, babeshywa ko iyo utashye mu Rwanda Inkotanyi zikwica, zikabanza kugufata amajwi akajya akoreshwa nko mu bitangazamakuru ariko warapfuye.

Ibi bituma hari bamwe muri bo batoroka FDLR bagataha mu Rwanda, ariko bagahisha amakuru ko bari abasirikare bakinjira nk’abaturage basanzwe, kubera kugira ubwoba bw’uko ibyabo bimenyekanye bakwicwa. Ibi biri mu byatumye na Mukagasana ataha mu Rwanda mu 2003, ariko agahisha ko yari yarabaye muri FDLR.

Gusa yaje kumenya ko Komisiyo Ishinzwe Gusezerera no Gusubiza mu Buzima Busanzwe abahoze ari abasirikare (RDRC), ishakisha abari abarwanyi ngo bajye guhabwa amasomo abafasha gusubira mu buzima busanzwe, na we asaba kujyanwa mu Kigo cya Mutobo mu Karere ka Musanze aho bahugurirwa, akaba ari na ho ari ubu dore ko ahamaze igihe gito.

Yaje gushyingiranwa n’umusirikare wa RDF

Mukagasana ataha mu Rwanda mu 2003, yari atwite kubera gufatwa ku ngufu n’abarwanyi ba FDLR, ku buryo atanabashije kumenya se w’umwana we w’imfura.

Yabayeho bisanzwe nk’abandi baturarwanda bose, ndetse yiyitaho yongera gucya, aza no kubengukwa n’umusore w’umusirikare mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda, gusa abanza kumubwiza ukuri kw’ibyamubayeho kuko yatekerezaga ko amaze kumva inkuru ye atakomeza kumukunda.

Ati ‘‘Aranganiriza arampumuriza arambwira ati ‘Icyo gikomere ndagira ngo ubashe kucyomoka.’ Arambwira ati ‘Ibyabaye, nk’umuntu w’umusirikare urinda amahoro n’ubusugire bw’igihugu, ntabwo ibyo ari byo nakurenganyiriza cyangwa ngo bitume ntagukunda’.’’

‘‘Ati ‘Ubwo nanjye ndamutse ntabashije kugutega amatwi ngo numve ihungabana wahuye na ryo, ntabwo nabasha kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu n’abagituyemo.’ Yarambwiye ati ‘Ibyo ntibigutere impungenge, umwana ufite na we ubwo nzamwakira, nzamenya ko wabyaye.’ Ubwo turashakana , ubu dufitanye abana bane n’uwo.’’

Mukagasana wari utuye mu Karere ka Ngororero agitahuka, avuga ko kubera amateka y’ubuzima bwe yamuteye ibikomere n’ipfunwe, yagendaga yikangagira atakereza ko abaturanyi be nibamenya ibyo yanyuzemo bazamutoteza bakamwita interahamwe cyangwa umwanzi w’igihugu, asaba umugabo we ko bimukira mu kandi karere.

Gusa ubu ahamya ko kuva yagera mu Kigo cya Mutobo agahabwa inyigisho zimusubiza mu buzima busanzwe akumva n’ubuzima bwa bagenzi be yasanzeyo, yabohotse ku buryo azasubira mu muryango we atikandagira.

Ashimira kandi Leta y’u Rwanda itaramuhoye amateka ye, kuko ibyo yakoze nta ruhare yabigizemo kuko byari igitutu yashyizweho na FDLR yamushimuse afite imyaka 14, ikamukoresha mu bikorwa byayo itanasize kumwicira abo mu muryango we, kumufata ku ngufu no kumukoresha ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye by’uburetwa.

Mukagasana [yahinduriwe izina) yasobanuye ko yashimuswe n'Abacengezi, agira uruhare mu gitero bagabye ku banyeshuri b'i Nyange muri Ngororero