Hashize imyaka irenga 30 indege yari itwaye Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ihanuwe ku mugoroba wo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, ariko ikibazo cy’uwateguye iraswa ryayo n’uwarashe misile kiracyari mu bigibwaho impaka. Mu myaka ishize, iperereza ry’Abafaransa ryagiye rizana impinduka zikomeye, riva ku cyerekezo cy’aharasiwe misile i Masaka, rijya ku mwanzuro w’uko ibimenyetso bya gihanga byerekezaga hafi ya Kanombe ahari abarinzi ba Habyarimana.

Uwahoze ari umucamanza w’Umufaransa ushinzwe ibyaha by’iterabwoba, Marc Trévidic, wari warasimbuye Jean-Louis Bruguière ku iperereza ry’ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege, yongeye gusobanura mu buryo burambuye uko ibyo byagenze, mu kiganiro cyabereye i Paris ku wa 9 Nzeri 2026 cyari gifite umutwe ugira uti “Rwanda: qui a abattu l’avion du président Habyarimana?”

Iki kiganiro cyateguwe na Le Nouvel Obs cyahurije hamwe Trévidic, umwanditsi Michel Bussi, abanyamakuru Patrick de Saint-Exupéry na Colette Braeckman ndetse na François Graner wo mu muryango Survie, bagaruka ku iperereza ryakozwe, ibimenyetso byakusanyijwe n’ibibazo bikiriho ku ihanurwa ry’indege. Cyabereye muri Auditorium ya Le Nouvel Obs i Paris.

Mu byo Trévidic yagarutseho, kimwe mu bikomeye ni uburyo iperereza ryashingiye ku bumenyi bwa gihanga ryaje gutesha agaciro igitekerezo cyari kimaze imyaka kivuga ko misile zahanuye indege zarasiwe mu gace ka Masaka.

Masaka yari yarabaye inkingi y’iperereza rya Bruguière

Mbere ya Trévidic, dosiye yari yarayobowe n’umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière. Iperereza rye ryari ryubakiye cyane ku buhamya bw’abantu bavugaga ko bari bazi uko igitero cyateguwe, bamwe bakavuga ko bari baragize uruhare muri cyo. Icyo cyerekezo cyavugaga ko hari itsinda ryari rifitanye isano na FPR ryageze i Masaka rikahava rirasa misile ku ndege ya Habyarimana.

Ni na byo byari byabaye ishingiro ry’ibirego Bruguière yaje gushyira ku bayobozi bamwe b’u Rwanda.

Trévidic yavuze ko amaze kwakira iyo dosiye, ikibazo cya mbere yabonye ari uko hari imirimo y’ibanze yari ikenewe mu iperereza nk’iryo itari yarakozwe.

Yavuze ko icyari gikenewe ari ukujya aho indege yagwiriye, gusuzuma ibisigazwa byayo no gukora iperereza rya gihanga ku cyerekezo misile yaturutsemo.

Mu magambo ye, yagize ati “Icy’ingenzi cyari kitarakozwe cyari ukujya kureba ibisigazwa by’indege, gukora isesengura rya ballistique no kujya aho byabereye.”

Iyi foto ya moteri yafashwe nyuma y'ukwezi indege ihanutse

“Niba bavuga ko bari i Masaka, ese siyansi irabyemeza?”

Trévidic yasobanuye ko ikibazo yari afite cyari cyoroshye mu mahame y’iperereza. Hari abantu bari baravuze ko bari mu itsinda ryarashe indege, ko igitero cyari cyateguwe n’ubuyobozi bwa FPR Inkotanyi kandi ko misile zarasiwe i Masaka.

Aho kwemera cyangwa guhakana ayo magambo ku rwego rwa politiki, Trévidic yashatse kumenya niba ibyo abo batangabuhamya bavugaga byashobokaga mu buryo bwa gihanga.

Yasobanuye ko niba umuntu avuga ko yari ahantu runaka igihe misile zaraswaga, hakwiye kuba hari uburyo bwo kugereranya ibyo avuga n’icyerekezo misile yari gukurikira, aho yakubise indege, uburyo indege yangiritse n’ibindi bimenyetso.

Yagize ati “niba uhamya avuga ko yari i Masaka, ikibazo kiba: ese mu buryo bwa gihanga birashoboka?”. Yongeyeho ko niba bitashoboka, ubwo ubuhamya bwe buba bufite ikibazo.
Ni muri iyo nzira Trévidic n’itsinda ry’abahanga bagiye mu Rwanda mu 2010 gukora iperereza ku haba hararasiwe indege.

Raporo yaje gutangwa mu 2012 yakozwe n’impuguke esheshatu mu byiciro birimo ballistique, amajwi, ibiturika, ikarita n’imiterere y’ahantu ndetse n’ibijyanye n’indege. Impuguke zashatse cyane kumenya aho misile zashoboraga kuba zararasiwe.

Ibisigazwa by’indege byahinduye icyerekezo cy’iperereza

Trévidic yavuze ko isesengura ry’ibisigazwa by’indege ryabaye ingenzi cyane. Yasobanuye ko igice cy’inyuma cy’indege n’imiterere y’uko moteri zari zangiritse bitari bihuye n’icyerekezo misile yagombaga kuba yaranyuzemo iyo iza kuba yaraturutse i Masaka.

Isesengura ryagaragaje ko igice cy’imbere cy’ibumoso cy’ibaba ari cyo cyari cyibasiwe cyane.

Trévidic yavuze ko impuguke esheshatu zakoreshejwe mu iperereza zahurije ku kuba imiterere y’ibyangiritse ku ndege idahuye n’igitekerezo cy’uko misile yaturutse i Masaka.

Muri icyo kiganiro, Trévidic yagiye impaka na Jeanne Habyarimana, umukobwa wa Juvénal Habyarimana wari mu rugo i Kanombe ubwo indege ya se yahanurwaga ku mugoroba wo ku wa 6 Mata 1994.

Jeanne yashidikanyije ku mwanzuro w’impuguke washyiraga ku ruhande Masaka, agaruka ku byo we n’umuvandimwe we Jean-Luc bavuze ko babonye cyangwa bumvise uwo mugoroba.

Yasaga n’ushingira ku buhamya bw’ababonye cyangwa bumvise igitero ndetse n’izindi ngingo zavugwaga muri dosiye. Trévidic yamusubije ko icyemezo cyo gukuraho Masaka kitari igitekerezo cye bwite, ahubwo cyari gishingiye ku isesengura ry’impuguke esheshatu, zarebye aho indege yakubiswe n’uko ibisigazwa byayo byangiritse.

Yatsindagiye ko ibyo bimenyetso bitemeza uwahanuye indege, ariko ko byatumaga icyerekezo cya Masaka kidashoboka mu buryo bwa gihanga.

Ati "Nongera kubivuga, sinzi uwarashe. Icyo nzi ni uko abavuga ko barashe ku mabwiriza ya Kagame, bakavuga ko bari i Masaka, impuguke zanjye zivuga ko Masaka idashoboka. Ahubwo zerekana ko hari ahantu hashoboka hafi ya Kanombe, ariko atari ngombwa ko ari imbere mu kigo cya gisirikare.”

Raporo yo mu 2012 na yo yari yerekanye ko ahashoboka cyane hari mu gace ka Kanombe, hafi y’inzu zari zituyemo abasirikare.

Abatangabuhamya bamwe bemeye ko babeshye

Ikindi kintu gikomeye Trévidic yavugiye muri iki kiganiro kijyanye n’abantu bari baratanze ubuhamya mu iperereza rya Bruguière. Yavuze ko hari abari baravuze ko bari mu itsinda ryari ryarashe indege.

Ubwo Trévidic yabasubizaga mu iperereza, yavuze ko bamwe muri bo bamubwiye ko ibyo bari baravuze mbere bitari ukuri.

Trévidic ntiyatangaje amazina y’abo batangabuhamya muri iki kiganiro. Icyakora, mu batangabuhamya bakomeye bari barubakiweho iperereza rya Bruguière harimo Abdul Ruzibiza wavugaga ko yari muri “network commando” na Emmanuel Ruzigana wari waratanze ubuhamya bushyira igikorwa i Masaka; bombi baje kwisubiraho ku bice by’ingenzi by’ubuhamya bwabo.

Iki ni cyo Trévidic ashingiraho avuga ko iperereza ridashobora kubakirwa ku buhamya gusa muri dosiye ifite uburemere bwa politiki nk’iyi.

Yasobanuye ko abatangabuhamya bashobora kwibeshya, guhindura imvugo cyangwa gukoreshwa, bityo hakaba hakenewe ikindi kimenyetso gifatika cyemeza ibyo bavuga.

Mu kiganiro, Trévidic yanagarutse ku bindi bibazo yavuze ko yabonye amaze kwakira dosiye ya Bruguière. Kimwe muri byo ni uko hari abantu bari baravuze ko bagize uruhare mu gitero ariko bagafatwa nk’abatangabuhamya aho gufatwa nk’abantu bashobora gukorwaho iperereza ku ruhare bemeraga.

Yavuze ko ku rwego rw’amategeko ibyo byamuteye kwibaza byinshi. Yanasobanuye ko yaje kuvumbura ko bamwe mu batangabuhamya bari bagejejwe mu iperereza binyuze kuri Paul Barril, wahoze mu nzego z’umutekano z’u Bufaransa kandi wari ufite imikoranire n’umuryango wa Habyarimana.

Undi wagarutsweho ni Fabien Singaye wari warakoreshejwe nk’umusemuzi mu iperereza rya Bruguière. Trévidic yavuze ko nyuma yo kumara isaka mu nyandiko zari zifitanye isano na Barril, yaje kubona amakuru yagaragazaga ko Singaye yari afitanye isano n’ibikorwa bya Barril, mu gihe yari yaragize uruhare mu gusemura ubuhamya bw’abantu dosiye yari ishingiyeho.

Yatanze urugero avuga ko niba abantu bane cyangwa batanu bashinja umuntu icyaha, inshingano y’umucamanza ari ukureba niba ibyo bavuga bishobora kwemezwa n’ibimenyetso bifatika.

Marc Trévidic yavuze ko nubwo iperereza ritagaragaza uwarashe indege, ibimenyetso byerekana ko itarasiwe i Masaka